Creating job satisfaction in Africa: A case study from Mozambique

Figures & data

Table 1: Level of job satisfaction – descriptive statistics

Country	Completely satisfied (%)	Very satisfied (%)	Fairly satisfied (%)	Neither… nor (%)	Fairly dissatisfied (%)	Very dissatisfied (%)
Mozal survey (n = 181) (Qs 69–72)*	3.8 (4.9)	14.4 (16.9)	43.5 (39.4)	27.0 (26.9)	7.5 (8.0)	3.8 (3.7)
Anglo Saxon
United States	15.9	32.5	35.0	7.3	6.4	2.9
Great Britain	13.0	22.6	43.3	10.3	8.1	2.7
New Zealand	11.8	29.4	42.6	9.1	5.2	1.9
Western European
Denmark	24.7	36.9	26.3	7.7	3.6	0.8
France	11.4	22.3	42.2	14.1	7.7	2.3
Germany	7.9	28.6	43.3	14.5	4.3	1.4
Italy	15.5	19.9	43.4	13.1	5.0	3.1
The Netherlands	10.5	37.6	41.8	6.1	2.8	1.2
Norway	10.1	26.6	45.4	12.3	4.6	1.0
Portugal	17.7	21.2	32.5	21.8	3.7	3.1
Spain	13.8	36.0	33.7	11.3	3.7	1.5
Sweden	9.9	30.4	42.1	11.7	4.2	1.7
Switzerland	11.7	40.3	37.1	7.2	2.4	1.3
Eastern European
Hungary	9.1	14.1	39.0	29.6	5.0	3.2
Czech Republic	15.4	13.0	50.5	14.3	4.7	2.1
Slovenia	11.6	15.4	39.7	26.2	5.2	1.9
Bulgaria	10.7	18.4	49.3	13.0	4.8	3.8
Russia	13.2	26.7	19.2	25.5	8.0	7.4
Others
Japan	5.5	24.7	41.6	13.4	9.7	5.1
Israel	27.6	20.8	32.8	10.9	4.9	3.0
Cyprus	21.6	38.2	27.4	10.3	2.0	0.5
Total	13.6	26.5	38.6	13.8	5.1	2.8
*These were the question numbers on the questionnaire for the values in parentheses. The level of job satisfaction was also tested by aggregating four different measures to provide a broader alternative.
Source: International figures from Sousa-Poza & Sousa-Poza (2000).

Figure 1: Job satisfaction and employee level

Table 2: Rewards influencing the perception of the ideal job – descriptive statistics (n = 181)

			–Binomial exact –		Means and ranking
Reward*	Obs.	Median	[95% confidence interval]		Mean	Rank
Challenging work	170	2	1	2	1.77	1
Level of cooperation with others	176	2	1	2	1.81	2
Good training opportunities	177	2	1	2	1.86	3
Job security	176	2	1	2	1.93	4
Good working relationship with manager	177	2	1	2	1.94	5
Fully use skills	172	2	2	2	1.95	6
Live in desirable area	177	2	1	2	1.95	7
Good physical working conditions	179	2	1	2	1.96	8
Opportunity for high earnings	171	2	1	2	1.96	9
Sufficient leisure time	176	2	2	2	1.98	10
Opportunity for advancement	172	2	2	2	2.01	11
Recognition for good work	177	2	2	2	2.03	12
Good fringe benefits	175	2	2	2	2.07	13
Freedom to adopt own approach	175	2	2	2	2.07	14
*Rewards based on Hofstede (2001).

Table 3: Ranking of ideal job variables – descriptive statistics (n = 181)

	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Level 4	Level 5
Challenging work	2	6	2	1	1
Level of cooperation with others	1	5	1	4	5
Good training opportunities	5	11	4	5	6
Job security	4	7	11	2	13
Good working relationship with manager	6	8	6	8	7
Fully use skills	13	13	3	6	4
Live in desirable area	8	2	9	9	11
Good physical working conditions	3	12	13	3	8
Opportunity for high earnings	10	1	8	13	2
Sufficient leisure time	9	4	7	12	14
Opportunity for advancement	12	10	5	7	9
Recognition for good work	7	14	10	10	10
Good fringe benefits	14	3	12	14	3
Freedom to adopt own approach	11	9	14	11	12

Table 4: Humanist variables influencing job satisfaction – ordered logistic regression (univariate)

Predictor	Odds ratio	Std err.	Z	p > z	[95% confidence interval]		Significance
TENSE	–0.2215232	0.2117084	–1.05	0.295	–0.636464	0.1934176
INTENTION	–0.5180336	0.1972114	–2.63	0.009	–0.9045609	–0.1315064	*
AFRAID	–0.3162494	0.1709976	–1.85	0.064	–0.6513985	0.0188996	**
MANAGER	0.0651599	0.1485009	0.44	0.661	–0.2258965	0.3562164
EFFORT	0.2517099	0.1717664	1.47	0.143	–0.084946	0.5883658
PRIDE	0.8230633	0.1684091	4.89	0.000	0.4929876	1.153139	*
INSPIRESME	0.9702437	0.2164708	4.48	0.000	0.5459688	1.394519	*
VALUES	0.4892577	0.1712613	2.86	0.004	0.1535918	0.8249237	*
MOZCARES 1	0.6527916	0.1623787	4.02	0.000	0.3345352	0.971048	*
MOZCARES 2	0.9860946	0.1960673	5.03	0.000	0.6018097	1.37038	*
HELPSME	0.6866854	0.1619803	4.24	0.000	0.3692099	1.004161	*
FORGIVESME	0.4633704	0.1491115	3.11	0.002	0.1711172	0.7556236	*
COMMUNITY	0.4027492	0.1769409	2.28	0.023	0.0559514	0.7495471	*
ENVIRONMENT	0.1240686	0.170295	0.73	0.466	–0.2097035	0.4578408
SERVICE	–0.3230725	0.1890899	–1.71	0.088	–0.6936818	0.0475368	**
AGE	–0.4894568	0.1713452	–2.86	0.004	–0.8252872	–0.1536265	*
*Significant at the 5% level. **Significant at the 10% level.

Table 5: Humanist variables influencing job satisfaction – ordered logistic regression (multivariate)

Predictor	Coefficient	Std err.	z	p > z	[95% confidence interval]		Significance
INTENTION	–0.3638956	0.2293895	–1.59	0.113	–0.8134908	0.0856997
AFRAID	–0.0585321	0.2039804	–0.29	0.774	–0.4583264	0.3412622
PRIDE	0.2212715	0.2530603	0.87	0.382	–0.2747177	0.7172606
INSPIRESME	0.6006747	0.3112362	1.93	0.054	–0.0093371	1.210687	**
VALUES	–0.170849	0.2458507	–0.69	0.487	–0.6527076	0.3110096
MOZCARES 1	0.0602553	0.2507922	0.24	0.810	–0.4312884	0.551799
MOZCARES 2	0.3676478	0.3316529	1.11	0.268	–0.2823799	1.017676
HELPSME	0.2366562	0.2257508	1.05	0.294	–0.2058073	0.6791197
FORGIVESME	0.1396051	0.2023747	0.69	0.490	–0.2570421	0.5362522
COMMUNITY	–0.1456978	0.2643735	–0.55	0.582	–0.6638604	0.3724648
SERVICE	–0.2978317	0.2315025	–1.29	0.198	–0.7515683	0.155905
AGE	–0.4774027	0.2185087	–2.18	0.029	–0.9056718	–0.0491335	*
*Significant at the 5% level. **Significant at the 10% level.
Notes: Ordered logistic regression. Number of obs = 108; LR chi2 (12) = 51.49; Prob > chi2 = 0.0000; Log likelihood = –80.672879; Pseudo R ^2= 0.2419.

Sousa-Poza , A and Sousa-Poza , A . 2000 . Well-being at work: A cross-national analysis of the levels and determinants of job satisfaction . Journal of Socio-economics , 29 ( 6 ) : 517 – 38 .

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Hofstede , G . 2001 . Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations , 2 , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .

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