The limits of land restitution: Livelihoods in three rural communities in South Africa

Figures & data

Table 1: Age and sex structure

	South Africa 2001	Ebenhaeser	Mashishimale	Mophela
Median age	24	29	22	23
Youth dependency ratio	51	41	54	45
Aged dependency ratio	8	16	8	6
Total dependency ratio	59	57	62	51
Sex ratio	92	98	93	81
Notes: The dependency ratios express the youth age category (0 to 14) or old aged category (over 64), or both, in relation to the economically productive category (15 to 64). The ratio reports the number in these dependent categories in relation to 100 in the economically productive category, providing an indicator of economic burden. The sex ratio reports the number of males in relation to 100 females.

Table 2: Selected demographic characteristics of household heads

	Male	Female	Total
Married (%)
Ebenhaeser	66	34	100
Mashishimale	61	39	100
Mophela	39	61	100
Never married (%)
Ebenhaeser	11	34	19
Mashishimale	11	38	21
Mophela	26	51	41
Mean age (years)
Ebenhaeser	56	52	54
Mashishimale	48	52	49
Mophela	52	53	53

Table 3: Level of education by age cohort

Age	No schooling			Primary			Secondary			Post-school
	Eb	Ma	Mo	Eb	Ma	Mo	Eb	Ma	Mo	Eb	Ma	Mo
0 to 19	16	20	21	56	56	50	28	26	29	0.5	0.5	0.2
20 to 39	0.6	2	3	14	14	10	83	73	80	2	12	7
40 to 64	4	31	17	31	38	47	61	26	31	3	5	3
65 +	11	75	49	46	23	33	42	2	18	0.8	0	0
Total	8	18	14	37	37	35	54	40	48	2	5	3
Notes: Eb = Ebenhaeser; Ma = Mashishimale; Mo = Mophela; TOT = proportions in level for each area. The figures, rounded, represent proportions expressed as percentages within an age category for each level in the community.

Table 4: Reported household income

Category	Number of households			% of households
	Eb	Ma	Mo	Eb	Ma	Mo
R1 to 1000	83	183	162	28	48	52
R1001 to 2000	87	67	29	29	18	9
R2001 to 4000	64	32	22	22	8	7
R4001 to 6000	24	10	8	8	3	3
R6001+	20	8	4	7	2	1
No income	12	0	0	4	0	0
Not disclosed	7	79	86	2	21	28
Total	298	379	311	100	100	100
Notes: Eb = Ebenhaeser; Ma = Mashishimale; Mo = Mophela.

Table 5: Household expenditure

Item	Amount (rand)			Expenditure (%)
	Eb	Ma	Mo	Eb	Ma	Mo
Food	737	544	683	40	34	21
Education	68	222	347	4	14	10
Clothing and footwear	161	218	341	9	14	10
Toiletry, detergents and other non-food items	102	51	129	5	3	4
Energy (electricity, gas, etc.)	122	79	117	7	5	4
Transport	264	135	317	14	8	10
Hire purchase instalments	163	196	545	9	12	16
Water	71	3	121	4	0.2	4
Cell phone/telephone	84	41	95	4	3	3
Contribution to burial societies	66	92	126	3	6	4
Other	18	4	487	1	0.2	15
Total	1856	1585	3308	100	100	100
Notes: Eb = Ebenhaeser; Ma = Mashishimale; Mo = Mophela.

Table 6: Income by sex of household head

	Ebenhaeser		Mashishimale		Mophela
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Wage	56	37	57	47	61	53
Remittance	3	6	6	3	2	6
Social grant	61	85	70	81	64	72
Other source	11	21	15	12	5	2

Table 7: Employment by sex of household head

	Ebenhaeser		Mashishimale		Mophela
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Employed	55	44	72	53	69	62
Seeking work	66	57	82	75	69	44
Unemployed	72	66	76	75	74	48
Entrepreneurs	13	6	22	19	16	10