Evidence of short-term household change in South Africa from the National Income Dynamics Study

Figures & data

Table 1: Characteristics of sample members

	Analytic sample	Full wave 1 sample
Population group
African (%)	80.74	81.25
Coloured (%)	8.56	9.44
Asian/Indian (%)	2.62	1.69
White (%)	8.08	7.62
Gender
Female (%)	52.37	53.44
Male (%)	47.63	46.56
Age Group
Age 0 to 5 (%)	12.64	13.29
Age 6 to 12 (%)	15.52	14.38
Age 13 to 17 (%)	11.38	10.84
Age 18 to 25 (%)	15.47	16.1
Age 26 to 59 (%)	37.63	37.02
Age 60+ (%)	7.36	8.36
Wave 1 household location
Urban (%)	57.61	59.58
Rural (%)	42.39	40.42
Wave 1 income quartile
25th percentile (Rand)	276.32	283.96
50th percentile (Rand)	510	528.56
75th percentile (Rand)	1 291.764	1 322.22
n	22 020	28 247

Table 2: Proportion of individuals who experienced a residential or compositional change between 2009 and 2011

	Compositional change
Residential change	No	Yes	Total
Full sample
No	36.4	53.1	89.5
Yes	2.3	8.2	10.5
Total	38.7	61.3	100.0
African
No	32.9	56.6	89.5
Yes	1.9	8.6	10.5
Total	34.7	65.3	100.0
Coloured
No	40.4	50.5	90.9
Yes	2.1	7.0	9.1
Total	42.5	57.5	100.0
White
No	66.2	20.4	86.6
Yes	7.1	6.3	13.4
Total	73.3	26.7	100.0

Table 3: Residential change between waves 1 and 2

	(1) Proportion	(2) Proportion	(3) Proportion	(4) Proportion	(5) Proportion	(6) Proportion	(7) Log odds
Race
African (omitted)
Coloured	–0.0143*					–0.0314***	–0.335***
	(0.00742)					(0.00759)	(0.123)
Asian/Indian	–0.0438***					–0.0592***	–0.779**
	(0.0130)					(0.0132)	(0.387)
White	0.0294***					0.00235	0.0258
	(0.00762)					(0.00907)	(0.210)
Age group
0 to 5 (omitted)
6 to 12		–0.0312***				–0.0304***	–0.337***
		(0.00779)				(0.00774)	(0.128)
13 to 17		–0.0345***				–0.0347***	–0.394***
		(0.00841)				(0.00835)	(0.133)
18 to 25		0.0406***				0.0333***	0.268**
		(0.00780)				(0.00778)	(0.116)
26 to 59		–0.00963				–0.0230***	–0.248**
		(0.00669)				(0.00676)	(0.110)
>60		–0.0862***				–0.0969***	–1.543***
		(0.00954)				(0.00967)	(0.261)
Gender
Female (omitted)
Male			0.00428			9.50×10^–5	0.00140
			(0.00414)			(0.00412)	(0.0744)
Household geography
Urban (omitted)
Rural				–0.0468***		–0.0359***	–0.413***
				(0.00417)		(0.00460)	(0.0712)
Log(income)					0.0134***	0.0118***	0.122***
					(0.00167)	(0.00217)	(0.0423)
Constant	0.105***	0.118***	0.103***	0.125***	0.0180	0.0672***	–2.545***
	(0.00230)	(0.00579)	(0.00285)	(0.00271)	(0.0110)	(0.0149)	(0.277)
Observations	22 020	22 013	22 020	22 020	21 998	21 991	21 991

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.

Table 4: Educational and labour-market transitions for movers aged 13 to 17 at wave 2

	Wave 2 current status
Wave 1 current status	In school (%)	Unemployed (%)	Employed (%)	Other (%)	Total (%)
In school	82.4	2.5	1.1	14.1	95.3
Other	67.3	0	0	32.7	4.7
Total	81.7	2.3	1	15	100
n					211

Table 5: Educational and labour-market transitions for movers aged 18 to 25 at wave 2

	Wave 2 current status
Wave 1 current status	In school (%)	Unemployed (%)	Employed (%)	Other (%)	Total (%)
In school	32.9	26	19.6	21.5	46.7
Unemployed	22	20	20.8	37.2	17.2
Employed	1.9	17.7	63.5	17	14.6
Other	11.1	18.7	43.5	26.7	21.5
Total	21.8	22.2	31.4	24.7	100
n					404

Table 6: Educational and labour-market transitions for movers aged 26 to 59 at wave 2

	Wave 2 current status
Wave 1 current status	In school (%)	Unemployed (%)	Employed (%)	Other (%)	Total (%)
In school	25.2	14.9	35.3	24.6	2.6
Unemployed	0	22.5	42.9	34.5	23.4
Employed	0.3	11.2	76.5	12	52.7
Other	0	22	45.1	32.8	21.3
Total	0.8	16.3	60.9	22	100
n					714

Table 7: Compositional change between waves 1 and 2 among stayers

	(1) Proportion	(2) Proportion	(3) Proportion	(4) Proportion	(5) Proportion	(6) Proportion	(7) Log odds
Race
African (omitted)
Coloured	–0.0775***					–0.0290**	–0.119
	(0.0121)					(0.0124)	(0.0794)
Asian/Indian	–0.0698***					0.0450**	0.211
	(0.0207)					(0.0212)	(0.187)
White	–0.397***					–0.218***	–0.972***
	(0.0127)					(0.0152)	(0.139)
Age group
0 to 5 (omitted)
6 to 12		0.0181				0.0210*	0.0934
		(0.0130)				(0.0126)	(0.0748)
13 to 17		0.0174				0.0287**	0.131
		(0.0140)				(0.0136)	(0.0828)
18 to 25		0.0246*				0.0475***	0.216***
		(0.0133)				(0.0129)	(0.0810)
26 to 59		–0.0737***				–0.0149	–0.0612
		(0.0113)				(0.0111)	(0.0681)
>60		–0.124***				–0.0261*	–0.114
		(0.0156)				(0.0155)	(0.0938)
Gender
Female (omitted)
Male			–0.0455***			–0.0368***	–0.163***
			(0.00692)			(0.00673)	(0.0443)
Household geography
Urban (omitted)
Rural				0.0834***		–0.0173**	–0.0813*
				(0.00695)		(0.00748)	(0.0464)
Log(income)					–0.0949***	–0.0691***	–0.306***
					(0.00273)	(0.00358)	(0.0254)
Constant	0.633***	0.622***	0.615***	0.557***	1.204***	1.075***	2.515***
	(0.00376)	(0.00976)	(0.00477)	(0.00460)	(0.0179)	(0.0245)	(0.170)
Observations	20 143	20 136	20 143	20 143	20 129	20 122	20 122

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.

Table 8: Types of compositional change

	Addition of 1+ member due to birth	Addition of 1+ other joiners	Loss of 1+ member due to death	Loss of 1+ other leavers
African	30.61	58.60	37.93	22.60
Coloured	33.04	51.88	36.65	21.79
White	17.06	43.44	49.16	4.43
Full sample	30.04	56.81	38.20	22.27

Table

	(1) Proportion	(2) Proportion	(3) Proportion	(4) Proportion	(5) Proportion	(6) Log odds
Age group
0 to 5 (omitted)
6 to 12	–0.0277***				–0.0274***	–0.314**
	(0.00832)				(0.00825)	(0.133)
13 to 17	–0.0296***				–0.0291***	–0.342**
	(0.00904)				(0.00897)	(0.136)
18 to 25	0.0401***				0.0312***	0.263**
	(0.00834)				(0.00830)	(0.121)
26 to 59	0.000930				–0.0164**	–0.177
	(0.00723)				(0.00730)	(0.116)
>60	–0.0841***				–0.0878***	–1.535***
	(0.0113)				(0.0112)	(0.297)
Gender
Female (omitted)
Male		0.00770*			0.00137	0.0136
		(0.00457)			(0.00455)	(0.0785)
Household geography
Urban (omitted)
Rural			–0.0528***		–0.0342***	–0.384***
			(0.00455)		(0.00479)	(0.0733)
Log(income)				0.0248***	0.0198***	0.199***
				(0.00222)	(0.00240)	(0.0442)
Constant	0.111***	0.101***	0.131***	–0.0488***	0.0127	–3.085***
	(0.00615)	(0.00315)	(0.00319)	(0.0138)	(0.0162)	(0.293)
Observations	18 057	18 064	18 064	18 052	18 045	18 045

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.

Table

	(1) Proportion	(2) Proportion	(3) Proportion	(4) Proportion	(5) Proportion	(6) Log odds
Age group
0 to 5 (omitted)
6 to 12	–0.0801***				–0.0823***	–0.970***
	(0.0204)				(0.0204)	(0.355)
13 to 17	–0.0603***				–0.0632***	–0.672
	(0.0214)				(0.0215)	(0.439)
18 to 25	0.0574***				0.0518**	0.350
	(0.0207)				(0.0207)	(0.375)
26 to 59	–0.0725***				–0.0810***	–0.916***
	(0.0170)				(0.0171)	(0.335)
>60	–0.1000***				–0.107***	–1.447**
	(0.0236)				(0.0237)	(0.660)
Gender
Female (omitted)
Male		–0.00729			–0.00603	–0.0732
		(0.0104)			(0.0103)	(0.220)
Household geography
Urban (omitted)
Rural			0.0239		0.0422**	0.511**
			(0.0162)		(0.0165)	(0.230)
Log(income)				0.0165***	0.0221***	0.268**
				(0.00550)	(0.00561)	(0.124)
Constant	0.140***	0.0942***	0.0879***	–0.0223	–0.00806	–3.637***
	(0.0150)	(0.00722)	(0.00554)	(0.0380)	(0.0409)	(0.845)
Observations	3 043	3 043	3 043	3 034	3 034	3 034

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.

Table

	(1) Proportion	(2) Proportion	(3) Proportion	(4) Proportion	(5) Proportion	(6) Log odds
Age group
0 to 5 (omitted)
6 to 12	–0.00631				–0.0271	–0.213
	(0.0741)				(0.0726)	(0.694)
13 to 17	–0.0956				–0.109	–0.837
	(0.0752)				(0.0735)	(0.763)
18 to 25	–0.0545				–0.0320	–0.147
	(0.0723)				(0.0707)	(0.657)
26 to 59	–0.0896				–0.0693	–0.491
	(0.0613)				(0.0600)	(0.536)
>60	–0.187***				–0.173***	–1.806**
	(0.0648)				(0.0634)	(0.728)
Gender
Female (omitted)
Male		–0.00166			–0.00174	–0.0181
		(0.0267)			(0.0259)	(0.327)
Household geography
Urban (omitted)
Rural			–0.0936		–0.108*	–1.366*
			(0.0659)		(0.0640)	(0.724)
Log(income)				–0.0816***	–0.0815***	–0.686***
				(0.0140)	(0.0141)	(0.138)
Constant	0.231***	0.135***	0.138***	0.833***	0.922***	4.517***
	(0.0583)	(0.0183)	(0.0136)	(0.120)	(0.132)	(1.270)
Observations	658	658	658	657	657	657

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.

Table

	(1) Proportion	(2) Proportion	(3) Proportion	(4) Proportion	(5) Proportion	(6) Log odds
Age group
0 to 5 (omitted)
6 to 12	0.0245*				0.0260*	0.116
	(0.0136)				(0.0135)	(0.0786)
13 to 17	0.0232				0.0249*	0.113
	(0.0148)				(0.0146)	(0.0851)
18 to 25	0.0324**				0.0489***	0.223***
	(0.0139)				(0.0138)	(0.0854)
26 to 59	–0.0567***				–0.0237**	–0.0974
	(0.0119)				(0.0120)	(0.0716)
>60	–0.0116				0.00804	0.0319
	(0.0180)				(0.0179)	(0.0964)
Gender
Female (omitted)
Male		–0.0541***			–0.0425***	–0.186***
		(0.00749)			(0.00747)	(0.0464)
Household geography
Urban (omitted)
Rural			0.0264***		–0.0215***	–0.0979**
			(0.00749)		(0.00781)	(0.0483)
Log(income)				–0.0733***	–0.0716***	–0.314***
				(0.00369)	(0.00397)	(0.0267)
Constant	0.641***	0.658***	0.619***	1.082***	1.096***	2.589***
	(0.0102)	(0.00516)	(0.00534)	(0.0229)	(0.0268)	(0.179)
Observations	16 539	16 546	16 546	16 542	16 535	16 535

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.

Table

	(1) Proportion	(2) Proportion	(3) Proportion	(4) Proportion	(5) Proportion	(6) Log odds
Age group
0 to 5 (omitted)
6 to 12	–0.0736**				–0.0784**	–0.325
	(0.0375)				(0.0376)	(0.271)
13 to 17	–0.00274				–0.00642	–0.0272
	(0.0395)				(0.0397)	(0.300)
18 to 25	–0.0166				–0.0225	–0.0948
	(0.0395)				(0.0396)	(0.289)
26 to 59	–0.0769**				–0.0827***	–0.342
	(0.0317)				(0.0320)	(0.240)
>60	–0.226***				–0.232***	–0.948***
	(0.0430)				(0.0433)	(0.321)
Gender
Female (omitted)
Male		0.0243			0.0185	0.0759
		(0.0189)			(0.0189)	(0.139)
Household geography
Urban (omitted)
Rural			0.00599		0.0194	0.0796
			(0.0296)		(0.0305)	(0.149)
Log(income)				0.00458	0.0113	0.0466
				(0.0101)	(0.0104)	(0.0829)
Constant	0.620***	0.544***	0.555***	0.526***	0.539***	0.157
	(0.0283)	(0.0131)	(0.0100)	(0.0694)	(0.0752)	(0.569)
Observations	2 767	2 767	2 767	2 758	2 758	2 758

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.

Table

	(1) Proportion	(2) Proportion	(3) Proportion	(4) Proportion	(5) Proportion	(6) Log odds
Age group
0 to 5 (omitted)
6 to 12	0.00607				–0.0424	–0.240
	(0.104)				(0.103)	(0.558)
13 to 17	0.0251				0.000444	0.00371
	(0.104)				(0.102)	(0.626)
18 to 25	–0.0564				–0.0350	–0.237
	(0.101)				(0.0987)	(0.622)
26 to 59	0.0522				0.0628	0.338
	(0.0861)				(0.0842)	(0.432)
>60	–0.0449				–0.0501	–0.307
	(0.0897)				(0.0878)	(0.501)
Gender
Female (omitted)
Male		–0.0206			–0.0161	–0.0873
		(0.0352)			(0.0345)	(0.255)
Household geography
Urban (omitted)
Rural			0.0964		0.0628	0.331
			(0.0831)		(0.0815)	(0.366)
Log(income)				–0.0983***	–0.103***	–0.561***
				(0.0184)	(0.0187)	(0.139)
Constant	0.225***	0.246***	0.231***	1.086***	1.118***	3.566***
	(0.0823)	(0.0242)	(0.0180)	(0.160)	(0.181)	(1.250)
Observations	585	585	585	584	584	584

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.