Using scenario planning for stakeholder engagement in livelihood futures in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area

Figures & data

Figure 1: Location of the study area

Notes: Wards 13, 14, and 15 are the communal areas surrounding Gonarezhou National Park in south-eastern Zimbabwe.

Table 1: Ranking of future driving forces

Rank	Driving forces
1	Access to agricultural facilities (e.g. access to irrigation plots, inputs, extension support)
2	Access to better education (more secondary schools, vocational training centres built)
3	Employment opportunities (in tourism, wildlife industry and support services)
4	Access to infrastructure (transport, communication, energy, livestock and crop/vegetable markets)
5	Migration (remittances from South Africa and Mozambique)
6	National and regional politics
7	Access to improved health and livestock facilities (including HIV and AIDS, malaria, access to dipping facilities and watering points for livestock etc.)
8	Control of revenue distribution mechanisms (income from eco-tourism, CAMPFIRE wildlife revenue)
9	Climate change (floods, cyclones, rainfall patterns and variability)
10	Access to micro-credit facilities and donor support services

Table 2: Location of sites for key livelihood development projects

Desired livelihood future	Location of projects/key attractions
Tourism enterprise development	Presence of wildlife in Lisenga (Ward 14): Sengwe 1 and Sengwe 2 (Mhlekwani, Mafunjwa, Dumisa); Chilotlela, Malipati Safari Area between Pahlela and Malipati (Nuanetsi, Mwachale to Sengwe)
	Tourist chalets at Mashawu (Ward 13, Pahlela)
	Hot springs, Bossman (Ward 15), Kotsvi (Ward 14) and Chishinya (Ward 15)
	Construction of tourist Chalets at Lisenga (Crooks Corner, Ward 14), Dumisa, Hadzvi (Ward 15), Mashau (Pahlela, Ward 13), Bossman – next to Limpopo Air strip (Ward 15)
	Harvesting of Ilala (palms) – Manjinji Pan, Chishinya and Samu
	Marula processing
	Wildlife viewing platforms at Mwachale pan and Mwenezi River pan during dry season
	Commercialisation of baobab tree products
	Basketry and craft making
	Fishing facilities for tourist at Malicheche along the Limpopo River (Ward 15). Other areas are Chivhuti–Hodela, Mazhiwele, Madzanganye, Jijuvuka and Marhilele. Fishing can be marketed as a recreational sport and fishing competitions can be organised around the peak tourist season
Water and irrigation development	Construction of small dams for irrigation, livestock and wildlife. Proposed sites in Pahlela Ward, Malerela, Nyavasikana, Chidhibhanini, Chishinya – Maose (irrigation), Hazvi (livestock and wildlife)
	Rehabilitation of boreholes (ongoing project in collaboration with CESVI Limpopo transboundary project)
Energy/power generation	Proposal to use funds from wildlife (as matching funds) to install electricity under the Rural Electrification Programme. Major sites to have power include Matlarhini , Nyavasikana Dam Site, Malipati Business Centre Pahlela , Mashawu Hot spring, Dhavata, Chivuti small-scale irrigation, Chishinya, Magogogwe Irrigation Scheme, Malipati Irrigation Scheme and Malipati Business Centre, rural health centres and schools

Table 3: Specific strategies recommended for meeting desired futures

Wildlife and livestock development
Key question	How can we benefit from our abundant wildlife and livestock to reduce poverty?
Vision	To be the best in providing community driven wildlife-based tourism services in Zimbabwe through safari hunting and sustainable wildlife management. To be self-sufficient in livestock development in terms of production, management and marketing in the year 2030
(Table Continued)
Table 3: Continued
Strategies	• More participation in wildlife management • Capacity building of local CAMPFIRE committees • More transparency • Improve communication between district and locals on CAMPFIRE revenue • Neighbourhood watch programme to curb livestock thefts • Pasture management – resuscitate paddocks in Masukwe (ward 13) • Cattle branding – personalised branding for cattle according to dip tank • Improve disease management • Drilling boreholes and resuscitating broken boreholes
Small scale irrigation
Key Question	How can we reduce poverty and improve food security in Sengwe Communal Lands?
Vision	To be self sufficient in food, livestock production through water and irrigation development, in order to fight persistent hunger.
Strategies	• Construct small-scale dams and improve irrigation • Revive existing irrigation at Magogogwe (ward 15) • Marketing of small grains • Training of farmers by Agricultural Extension Officers (AREX) • Construction of community gardens
Energy Infrastructure Development
Key question	How can we invest in key infrastructure to achieve quality of life for our community?
Vision	To be leading community in installation of electricity for irrigation purposes in order to fight hunger and poverty and to bring general development to all communities in Sengwe Communal Lands
Strategies	• Use CAMPFIRE funds for financing of transmission lines and installation of electricity at business centres, schools and clinics • Lobby government and private sector for support • Direct infrastructure improvement programme by safari hunting operators
Cultural tourism and ecotourism
Key question	How can we develop tourism products based on key historical/cultural endowments?
Vision	To be a renowned destination in the South East Lowveld in offering value services for tourists in accommodation and catering and cultural experience
Strategies	• Revive attention to develop tourism as a major driver of rural economy • Identify and promote sites of historical and cultural significance • Lobby for joint venture and community owned lodges and campsites in Gonarezhou National Park • Marketing cultural tourism • Shangaan festivals to be publicised in the Lowveld and the GLTCA • Use CAMPFIRE revenues to develop sites in future • Establish fishing camps at Manjinji Pan