Game ranching inter-sectoral linkages: A structural path analysis for South Africa

Figures & data

Table 1: Selected accounting multipliers^a,b

Table 2: SPA for selected activities

Case	Origin (1)	Dest. (2)	Global infl. (3)	Path (4)	Direct infl. (5)	Path mult. (6)	Total infl. (7)	Prop. (8)	Accum. prop. (9)
I	Wildlife	Chem	0.31	Wildlife / Chem	0.124	1.30	0.162	52.6	52.6
				Wildlife / Trnsp / Chem	0.012	1.39	0.016	5.5	58.1
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / Chem	0.004	1.92	0.008	2.6	60.7
				Wildlife / CS&PS / Chem	0.003	1.82	0.006	2.1	62.8
				Wildlife / CS&PS / LABHI / HHDWHI / Chem	0.001	2.28	0.003	1.2	63.9
				Wildlife / Trade / Chem	0.002	1.53	0.003	1.0	64.9
				Wildlife / LABHI / HHDWHI / Chem	0.001	1.89	0.003	1.0	65.9
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDWHI / Chem	0.001	1.93	0.002	0.8	66.7
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDMID / Chem	0.001	1.66	0.002	0.8	67.5
				Wildlife / M&E / Chem	0.001	1.49	0.001	0.6	68.1
II	Wildlife	M&E	0.08	Wildlife / M&E	0.038	1.15	0.044	55.3	55.3
				Wildlife / Chem / M&E	0.003	1.50	0.005	6.5	61.7
				Wildlife / MoTE / M&E	0.000	1.62	0.001	1.5	63.2
				Wildlife / CS&PS / M&E	0.000	1.63	0.001	1.2	64.4
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / MoTE / M&E	0.000	2.41	0.000	0.7	65.1
				Wildlife / Trnsp / Chem / M&E	0.000	1.59	0.000	0.7	65.8
				Wildlife / Trade / M&E	0.000	1.37	0.000	0.7	66.4
				Wildlife / Chem / OthMng / M&E	0.000	1.51	0.000	0.6	67.0
				Wildlife / MFFVOF / M&E	0.000	1.20	0.000	0.4	67.4
				Wildlife / DairyP / M&E	0.000	1.19	0.000	0.4	67.8
III	Wildlife	MoTE	0.13	Wildlife / MoTE	0.022	1.41	0.032	25.4	25.4
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / MoTE	0.006	2.11	0.014	11.6	37.0
				Wildlife / CS&PS / LABHI / HHDWHI / MoTE	0.002	2.50	0.006	5.2	42.2
				Wildlife / CS&PS / MoTE	0.003	1.98	0.006	5.1	47.3
				Wildlife / LABHI / HHDWHI / MoTE	0.002	2.07	0.005	4.5	51.9
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDWHI / MoTE	0.002	2.12	0.004	3.6	55.4
				Wildlife / Trnsp / MoTE	0.002	1.53	0.003	2.7	58.2
				Wildlife / LABLS / HHDWHI / MoTE	0.001	2.07	0.002	2.3	60.5
				Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / MoTE	0.000	2.55	0.001	1.2	61.6
				Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PE / PE / HHDWHI / MoTE	0.000	2.50	0.001	1.0	62.7
IV	Wildlife	BusServ	0.10	Wildlife / CS&PS / BusServ	0.005	1.52	0.008	8.8	8.8
				Wildlife / Trade / BusServ	0.005	1.28	0.007	7.5	16.3
				Wildlife / Chem / BusServ	0.003	1.41	0.004	4.8	21.1
				Wildlife / Trnsp / BusServ	0.003	1.18	0.003	3.9	25.1
				Wildlife / DairyP / BusServ	0.001	1.12	0.001	1.6	26.7
				Wildlife / M&E / BusServ	0.001	1.25	0.001	1.5	28.2
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / Fin / BusServ	0.000	1.69	0.001	1.3	29.5
				Wildlife / GMBAFP / BusServ	0.001	1.13	0.001	1.2	30.6
				Wildlife / Chem / Trade / BusServ	0.000	1.62	0.001	1.1	31.7
				Wildlife / Fin / BusServ	0.000	1.35	0.001	1.0	32.7
V	Wildlife	CS&PS	0.42	Wildlife / CS&PS	0.162	1.42	0.230	54.9	54.9
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / CS&PS	0.013	1.87	0.025	6.1	61.0
				Wildlife / LABHI / HHDWHI / CS&PS	0.005	1.83	0.010	2.4	63.4
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDWHI / CS&PS	0.004	1.87	0.007	1.9	65.2
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDMID / CS&PS	0.004	1.71	0.007	1.7	66.9
				Wildlife / Trnsp / CS&PS	0.003	1.53	0.006	1.4	68.4
				Wildlife / LABLS / HHDWHI / CS&PS	0.002	1.83	0.005	1.2	69.6
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDMID / CS&PS	0.003	1.63	0.004	1.2	70.7
				Wildlife / Chem / CS&PS	0.002	1.83	0.004	1.0	71.7
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / Fin / CS&PS	0.001	1.98	0.002	0.6	72.3

Note: Accum., accumulated; Dest., destination; infl., influence; mult., multiplier, prop., proportion.

Table 3: SPA for factors

Case	Origin (1)	Dest. (2)	Global infl. (3)	Path (4)	Direct infl. (5)	Path mult. (6)	Total infl. (7)	Prop. (8)	Accum. prop. (9)
I	Wildlife	GOS – PE	0.10	Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PE	0.019	1.45	0.02	26.0	26.0
				Wildlife / Trnsp / GOS – PE	0.007	1.14	0.00	7.9	33.9
				Wildlife / Chem / GOS – PE	0.004	1.36	0.00	5.4	39.3
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / CS&PS / GOS – PE	0.001	1.88	0.00	2.8	42.2
				Wildlife / GOS – PE	0.002	1.05	0.00	2.8	45.0
				Wildlife / M&E / GOS – PE	0.001	1.21	0.00	1.3	46.3
				Wildlife / LABHI / HHDWHI / CS&PS / GOS – PE	0.000	1.84	0.00	1.1	47.4
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDWHI / CS&PS / GOS – PE	0.000	1.88	0.00	0.9	48.3
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDMID / CS&PS / GOS – PE	0.000	1.73	0.00	0.8	49.1
				Wildlife / Chem / OthMng / GOS – PE	0.000	1.37	0.00	0.8	49.8
II	Wildlife	GOS – PBE	0.65	Wildlife / GOS – PBE	0.272	1.19	0.32	49.9	49.9
				Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PBE	0.022	1.61	0.03	5.5	55.4
				Wildlife / Trade / GOS – PBE	0.014	1.38	0.02	3.2	58.6
				Wildlife / Trnsp / GOS – PBE	0.008	1.28	0.01	1.7	60.3
				Wildlife / Fin / GOS – PBE	0.007	1.38	0.01	1.6	61.9
				Wildlife / Chem / GOS – PBE	0.005	1.53	0.00	1.2	63.1
				Wildlife / LABHI / HHDWHI / Fin / GOS – PBE	0.003	1.65	0.00	0.8	63.9
				Wildlife / CS&PS / BusServ / GOS – PBE	0.002	1.68	0.00	0.7	64.6
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDWHI / Fin / GOS – PBE	0.002	1.69	0.00	0.6	65.2
				Wildlife / Trade / BusServ / GOS – PBE	0.002	1.44	0.00	0.6	65.8
III	Wildlife	LABLS	0.07	Wildlife / LABLS	0.027	1.04	0.02	43.5	43.5
				Wildlife / CS&PS / LABLS	0.003	1.46	0.00	7.7	51.2
				Wildlife / Trade / LABLS	0.002	1.24	0.00	3.8	55.0
				Wildlife / Chem / LABLS	0.001	1.36	0.00	2.1	57.1
				Wildlife / Trnsp / LABLS	0.000	1.14	0.00	1.6	58.7
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / Fin / LABLS	0.000	1.65	0.00	0.9	59.6
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / CS&PS / LABLS	0.000	1.88	0.00	0.8	60.5
				Wildlife / Fin / LABLS	0.000	1.30	0.00	0.7	61.1
				Wildlife / Chem / Trade / LABLS	0.000	1.57	0.00	0.6	61.7
				Wildlife / M&E / LABLS	0.000	1.20	0.00	0.5	62.2
IV	Wildlife	LABSK	0.15	Game / LABSK	0.045	1.12	0.05	33.2	33.2
				Wildlife / CS&PS / LABSK	0.008	1.53	0.01	8.1	41.3
				Wildlife / Trade / LABSK	0.005	1.31	0.00	4.5	45.8
				Wildlife / Chem / LABSK	0.003	1.44	0.00	2.8	48.6
				Wildlife / Trnsp / LABSK	0.003	1.21	0.00	2.8	51.3
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / Fin / LABSK	0.001	1.69	0.00	1.3	52.6
				Wildlife / Fin / LABSK	0.001	1.36	0.00	1.0	53.6
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / CS&PS / LABSK	0.000	1.92	0.00	0.9	54.4
				Wildlife / M&E / LABSK	0.000	1.29	0.00	0.7	55.1
				Wildlife / Chem / Trade / LABSK	0.000	1.65	0.00	0.6	55.7
V	Wildlife	LABHI	0.26	Wildlife / CS&PS / LABHI	0.033	1.60	0.05	20.7	20.7
				Wildlife / LABHI	0.035	1.25	0.04	17.2	37.9
				Wildlife / Trade / LABHI	0.006	1.44	0.00	3.8	41.7
				Wildlife / Trnsp / LABHI	0.005	1.34	0.00	2.7	44.4
				Wildlife / Chem / LABHI	0.003	1.60	0.00	2.3	46.7
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / CS&PS / LABHI	0.002	1.88	0.00	2.1	48.8
				Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI / Fin / LABHI	0.002	1.65	0.00	1.8	50.6
				Wildlife / Fin / LABHI	0.002	1.44	0.00	1.5	52.1
				Wildlife / CS&PS / BusServ / LABHI	0.001	1.68	0.00	0.6	52.8
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDWHI / CS&PS / LABHI	0.000	1.89	0.00	0.6	53.4

Notes: See Table 2 for column heading definitions.

Table 4: SPA for institutions

Case	Origin (1)	Dest. (2)	Global infl. (3)	Path (4)	Direct infl. (5)	Path mult. (6)	Total infl. (7)	Prop. (8)	Accum. prop. (9)
I	Wildlife	PE	0.07	Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PE / PE	0.013	1.45	0.01	26.0	26.0
				Wildlife / Trnsp / GOS – PE / PE	0.005	1.14	0.00	7.9	33.9
				Wildlife / Chem / GOS – PE / PE	0.002	1.36	0.00	5.4	39.3
				Wildlife / GOS – PE / PE	0.002	1.05	0.00	2.8	42.1
				Wildlife / M&E / GOS – PE / PE	0.000	1.21	0.00	1.3	43.4
				Wildlife / LABHI / HHDWHI / CS&PS / GOS – PE / PE	0.000	1.84	0.00	1.1	44.6
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDWHI / CS&PS / GOS – PE / PE	0.000	1.88	0.00	0.9	45.4
				Wildlife / Chem / OthMng / GOS – PE / PE	0.000	1.37	0.00	0.8	46.2
				Wildlife / Trnsp / GOS – PE / PE	0.000	1.14	0.00	0.7	47.0
				Wildlife / MoTE / GOS – PE / PE	0.000	1.47	0.00	0.7	47.7
II	Wildlife	PBE	0.38	Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE	0.159	1.19	0.19	49.9	49.9
				Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PBE / PBE	0.013	1.61	0.02	5.5	55.4
				Wildlife / Trade / GOS – PBE / PBE	0.008	1.38	0.01	3.2	58.6
				Wildlife / Trnsp / GOS – PBE / PBE	0.005	1.28	0.00	1.7	60.3
				Wildlife / Fin / GOS – PBE / PBE	0.004	1.38	0.00	1.6	61.9
				Wildlife / Chem / GOS – PBE / PBE	0.002	1.53	0.00	1.2	63.1
				Wildlife / LABHI / HHDWHI / Fin / GOS – PBE / PBE	0.001	1.65	0.00	0.8	63.9
				Wildlife / CS&PS / BusServ / GOS – PBE / PBE	0.001	1.68	0.00	0.7	64.6
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDWHI / Fin / GOS – PBE / PBE	0.001	1.69	0.00	0.6	65.2
				Wildlife / Trade / BusServ / GOS – PBE / PBE	0.001	1.44	0.00	0.6	65.8
III	Wildlife	HHDLOW	0.02	Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDLOW	0.004	1.21	0.00	20.8	20.8
				Wildlife / LABLS / HHDLOW	0.002	1.06	0.00	8.5	29.3
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDLOW	0.001	1.14	0.00	7.2	36.4
				Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PE / PE / HHDLOW	0.000	1.47	0.00	2.7	39.1
				Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDLOW	0.000	1.62	0.00	2.3	41.4
				Wildlife / CS&PS / LABSK / HHDLOW	0.000	1.55	0.00	1.7	43.2
				Wildlife / CS&PS / LABLS / HHDLOW	0.000	1.48	0.00	1.5	44.7
				Wildlife / Trade / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDLOW	0.000	1.39	0.00	1.3	46.0
				Wildlife / Trade / LABSK / HHDLOW	0.000	1.33	0.00	1.0	46.9
				Wildlife / Trnsp / GOS – PE / PE / HHDLOW	0.000	1.16	0.00	0.8	47.8
IV	Wildlife	HHDMID	0.18	Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDMID	0.024	1.31	0.03	17.5	17.5
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDMID	0.017	1.23	0.02	12.1	29.6
				Wildlife / LABLS / HHDMID	0.009	1.19	0.01	5.9	35.5
				Wildlife / CS&PS / LABSK / HHDMID	0.003	1.63	0.00	2.8	38.4
				Wildlife / CS&PS / LABHI / HHDMID	0.002	1.74	0.00	2.4	40.8
				Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PE / PE / HHDMID	0.002	1.59	0.00	2.1	42.9
				Wildlife / LABHI / HHDMID	0.002	1.40	0.00	2.0	44.9
				Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDMID	0.002	1.71	0.00	1.9	46.8
				Wildlife / Trade / LABSK / HHDMID	0.002	1.42	0.00	1.6	48.4
				Wildlife / Trade / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDMID	0.001	1.49	0.00	1.1	49.5
V	Wildlife	HHDWHI	0.60	Wildlife / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI	0.082	1.54	0.12	21.3	21.3
				Wildlife / CS&PS / LABHI / HHDWHI	0.031	1.83	0.05	9.5	30.8
				Wildlife / LABHI / HHDWHI	0.032	1.51	0.049	8.3	39.1
				Wildlife / LABSK / HHDWHI	0.025	1.55	0.039	6.6	45.7
				Wildlife / LABLS / HHDWHI	0.016	1.51	0.025	4.2	49.9
				Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI	0.006	1.87	0.012	2.1	52.0
				Wildlife / CS&PS / GOS – PE / PE / HHDWHI	0.006	1.83	0.011	1.9	53.9
				Wildlife / Trade / LABHI / HHDWHI	0.006	1.69	0.010	1.8	55.7
				Wildlife / CS&PS / LABSK / HHDWHI	0.004	1.87	0.008	1.4	57.1
				Wildlife / Trade / GOS – PBE / PBE / HHDWHI	0.004	1.71	0.007	1.3	58.4

Notes: See Table 2 for column heading definitions.

Figure 1: Wildlife – Structural path to all institutions

Note: Figure created using the weighted graph scheme of NodeXL.

Figure 2: Wildlife – Structural path to lower-income households

Note: Figure created using the weighted graph scheme of NodeXL.

Figure 3: Wildlife – Structural path to middle-income households

Note: Figure created using the weighted graph scheme of NodeXL.

Figure 4: Wildlife – Structural path to higher-income households

Note: Figure created using the weighted graph scheme of NodeXL.

Table A1: National expenditure stratification

Percentile	Percentage of population	Expenditure strata (Rands, 2006 prices)
P1	5	1 to 1 004
P2	10	1 005 to 10 602
P3	20	10 603 to 15 802
P4	30	15 803 to 19 932
P5	40	19 933 to 24 172
P6	50	24 173 to 29 440
P7	60	29 441 to 37 185
P8	70	37 186 to 49 394
P9	80	49 395 to 70 464
P10	90	70 465 to 107 537
P11	95	107 538 to 141 062
P12	100	141 063 +

Table A2: SAM-based Leontief multipliers

			Total (direct + indirect+ induced) multipliers
Activity	Production	GDP/value added	Labour	Capital	Low-income households	Rest of households	Total households
CFF	2.77	1.27	14.33	2.77	0.04	0.77	0.81
DFF	2.72	1.37	16.26	2.69	0.05	0.82	0.87
SFF	2.64	1.37	16.59	2.64	0.05	0.81	0.86
VEGF	2.74	1.31	15.09	2.70	0.05	0.78	0.83
LiveS	2.86	1.29	14.36	2.76	0.04	0.78	0.82
Game	2.84	1.30	14.58	2.76	0.04	0.78	0.83
Dairy	3.02	1.33	14.35	2.94	0.04	0.81	0.85
Forst	2.76	1.38	15.63	2.76	0.05	0.82	0.87
Fish	2.90	1.24	10.29	2.83	0.04	0.75	0.80
CCF	2.96	1.13	11.07	2.88	0.04	0.70	0.73
PoulF	2.87	1.39	15.88	2.91	0.05	0.83	0.88
OthA	2.73	1.33	15.40	2.69	0.05	0.79	0.84
Gold	2.72	1.35	9.96	4.26	0.04	0.83	0.87
Coal	2.63	1.46	7.04	2.63	0.05	0.89	0.94
OthM	2.91	1.37	7.94	3.05	0.04	0.84	0.89
MFFVOF	3.32	1.19	9.62	2.42	0.04	0.74	0.77
DairyP	3.12	1.31	9.92	2.15	0.05	0.81	0.86
GMBAFP	3.22	1.32	10.33	2.43	0.04	0.81	0.85
OthFood	2.89	1.31	8.09	1.88	0.04	0.82	0.86
Bev&Tob	2.85	1.34	8.80	2.17	0.04	0.84	0.88
TCLF	2.61	1.02	11.10	1.86	0.03	0.64	0.67
Wood	2.98	1.32	10.68	1.85	0.04	0.82	0.86
Furn	2.89	1.24	7.47	1.57	0.04	0.78	0.81
Paper	2.97	1.17	8.99	1.95	0.03	0.73	0.76
Publ	2.75	1.32	9.82	1.64	0.04	0.84	0.88
Chem	2.90	1.14	6.80	2.42	0.03	0.72	0.75
Rubber	2.79	1.12	6.83	2.03	0.03	0.70	0.73
NMM	2.90	1.31	8.91	2.44	0.04	0.82	0.86
BMP	3.11	1.17	7.19	3.20	0.05	0.73	0.78
SMP	2.97	1.21	7.51	2.96	0.04	0.76	0.79
OFMP	2.93	1.13	7.09	2.02	0.03	0.71	0.74
M&E	2.94	1.11	7.42	1.91	0.03	0.70	0.74
EM&A	2.94	1.18	8.49	2.02	0.04	0.74	0.78
CMoEE	2.70	1.07	6.94	1.68	0.03	0.67	0.70
MoTE	2.80	0.88	5.63	1.56	0.03	0.55	0.58
OM&R	2.69	1.35	7.50	1.65	0.04	0.86	0.90
Electr	2.92	1.43	7.22	5.33	0.04	0.88	0.93
Water	3.02	1.28	6.57	5.88	0.04	0.79	0.83
Build	3.22	1.23	10.56	1.85	0.04	0.79	0.83
Trade	2.90	1.47	10.74	2.10	0.04	0.92	0.97
Accomm	3.07	1.37	14.38	3.31	0.04	0.85	0.89
Trnsp	2.81	1.28	8.04	3.66	0.04	0.79	0.83
Comm	2.94	1.34	6.98	3.25	0.04	0.83	0.86
Fin	2.55	1.51	7.71	2.72	0.04	0.90	0.94
RealEst	3.03	1.38	7.87	3.15	0.04	0.83	0.87
BusServ	2.33	1.55	14.81	2.51	0.04	0.92	0.95
GovS	1.00	-	-	0.25	-	-	-
CS&PS	2.75	1.52	16.35	1.67	0.04	0.98	1.02

Table A3: Abbreviations of accounts and activities included in the SAM

Account	Activities	Abbreviation
Primary industries
Agriculture	Citrus fruit farming	CFF
	Deciduous fruit farming	DFF
	Subtropical fruit farming	SFF
	Vegetable farming	VegF
	Livestock farming	LiveS
	Wildlife farming	Wildlife
	Dairy farming (milk only)	Dairy
	Forestry	Forst
	Fishing	Fish
	Cereal and crop farming	CCF
	Poultry farming	PoulF
	Other agriculture	OthAgr
Mining	Gold	Gold
	Coal and lignite	Coal
	Other mining	OthMng
Secondary industries
Manufacturing	Meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, oils and fat products	MFFVOF
	Dairy products	DairyP
	Grain mill, bakery and animal feed products	GMBAFP
	Other food products	OthFood
	Beverages and tobacco products	Bev&Tob
	Textiles, clothing, leather products and footwear	TCLF
	Wood and wood products	Wood
	Furniture	Furn
	Paper and paper products	Paper
	Publishing and printing	Publ
	Chemicals and chemical products (incl. plastic products)	Chem
	Rubber products	Rubber
	Non-metallic mineral products	NMM
	Basic metal products	BMP
	Structural metal products	SMP
	Other fabricated metal products	OFMP
	Machinery and equipment	M&E
	Electrical machinery and apparatus	EM&A
	Communication, medical and other electronic equipment	CMoEE
	Manufacturing of transport equipment	MoTE
	Other manufacturing and recycling	OM&R
Electricity and water	Electricity	Electr
	Water	Water
Construction	Building and construction	Build
Tertiary industries
Trade and accommodation	Trade	Trade
	Accommodation	Accomm
Transport and communication	Transport	Trnsp
	Communication	Comms
Financial and business services	Finance and insurance	Fin
	Real estate	RealEst
	Business services	BusServ
Community and social services	General government services	GovS
	Community, social and personal services	CS&PS