Constraints to consumption of South Africa's national parks among the emerging domestic tourism market

Figures & data

Table 1: Demographic profile of respondents

Variable	Category	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Gender	Male	176	50.3
	Female	174	49.7
	Total	350	100
Age	18 to 25	101	28.9
	26 to 35	101	28.9
	36 to 45	68	19.4
	46 to 55	63	18
	56 to 65	14	4
	65+	3	0.9
	Total	350	100
Income	Less than R5 000	55	15.7
	R5 000 to R9 999	120	34.3
	R10 000 to R19 999	123	35.1
	R20 000 to R30 000	31	8.9
	More than R30 000	21	6
	Total	350	100

Table 2: Reasons for not going on holiday

Reason	Frequency (n)	Type of constraint
Cannot afford it	61	Structural
Enjoy the comfort of home	17	Intrapersonal
Do not know where to go	15	Intrapersonal
Too much planning	14	Intrapersonal
Holiday destinations are too far	11	Structural
Not interested in travelling	8	Intrapersonal

Table 3: Reasons for considering visiting Kruger National Park

Reason	Frequency (n)
Relaxing atmosphere	157
Interest in wildlife	152
Like outdoor activities	101
I would not consider it	47
Affordable family holiday	43
Close holiday destination	40

Table 4: Reasons for not visiting Kruger National Park

Reason	Frequency (n)	Type of constraint
It is too expensive	166	Structural
I do not have enough time to visit	107	Structural
It is too far to travel to	80	Structural
Family/friends are not interested	76	Interpersonal
Unsure about availability of suitable accommodation	68	Structural
Lack of information available about the park	58	Structural
I am not interested in wildlife	50	Intrapersonal
I do not like outdoor activities	30	Intrapersonal
It is not an appealing atmosphere	17	Structural
Weather conditions are unsuitable	13	Structural
It is not a family holiday destination	9	Interpersonal

Table 5: Importance of various categories of features

Feature	Mean	Standard deviation
Infrastructure	3.93	1.000
Quality of the buildings	4.21	0.929
Easily accessible	4.04	0.854
Decent roads	3.93	1.027
Good restaurants	3.90	1.002
Various and varied accommodation options	3.89	1.000
Affordable shopping facilities	3.63	1.175
Natural	4.06	0.950
Clean and unpolluted environment	4.34	0.783
Beautiful natural scenery and landscape	4.14	0.841
Various species of wildlife	3.92	1.153
Suitable weather conditions	3.85	1.006
Activities	3.59	1.110
Something to do for the whole family	3.87	1.108
Having different experiences	3.79	0.974
Variety of social activities	3.64	1.055
Rich cultural heritage	3.59	1.098
A lot of outdoor activities (adventure/sport)	3.53	1.167
Limited activities to ensure a relaxed atmosphere	3.48	1.043
Educational activities	3.41	1.190
Various activities for children	3.39	1.253
General features	4.24	0.850
Safe and secure destination	4.56	0.711
Value for money	4.51	0.741
Welcoming and knowledgeable staff	4.29	0.820
Easy to find information	4.19	0.835
Various booking options	4.09	0.920
Rules and regulations to manage visitors	4.03	0.922
Level of overcrowding	3.99	0.987

Table 6: Top 10 most important features

Feature	Mean	Standard deviation	Category
Safe and secure destination	4.56	0.711	General
Value for money	4.51	0.741	General
Clean and unpolluted environment	4.34	0.783	Natural
Welcoming and knowledgeable staff	4.29	0.820	General
Quality of the buildings	4.21	0.929	Infrastructure
Easy to find information	4.19	0.835	General
Beautiful natural scenery and landscape	4.14	0.841	Natural
Various booking options	4.09	0.920	General
Easily accessible	4.04	0.854	Infrastructure
Rules and regulations to manage visitors	4.03	0.922	General

Table 7: Sources of information

Information source	Frequency (n)
Friends and relatives	208
Search engines (e.g. Google)	185
Brochures	149
Television/radio advertisements	127
Travel magazines	115
The official tourism website	99
Social network (Facebook, Twitter, etc.)	76
Travel agents	56
Travel blogs	37

Table 8: Cross-tabulations of constraints and important features

		Important features		Chi-square tests
Constraint		Not important	Important	Value	Asymptomatic significance (two-sided)
I am not interested in wildlife		Beautiful natural scenery and landscape
	Yes	8	27 (77%)	32.576^a	0.000
	No	6	252
		Having different experiences
	Yes	11	28 (72%)	9.342^a	0.009
	No	24	196
		Something to do for the whole family
	Yes	15	28 (65%)	15.334^a	0.000
	No	30	212
It is too far to travel to		Easily accessible
	Yes	7	64 (90%)	6.878^a	0.032
	No	9	206
		Good restaurants
	Yes	12	47 (80%)	6.959^a	0.031
	No	20	197
		Easy to find information
	Yes	5	55 (92%)	12.349^a	0.002
	No	8	232
It is too expensive		Various and varied accommodation options
	Yes	26	111 (81%)	11.330^a	0.003
	No	9	141
		Good restaurants
	Yes	25	105 (81%)	14.028^a	0.001
	No	7	139
I do not have enough time to visit		Having different experiences
	Yes	10	81 (89%)	10.596^a	0.005
	No	25	143
I do not like outdoor activities		Various species of wildlife
	Yes	16 (70%)	7	49.143^a	0.000
	No	32	240
		Something to do for the whole family
	Yes	8	21 (72%)	8.979^a	0.011
	No	37	219
Lack of information available about the park		A lot of outdoor activities (adventure/sport)
	Yes	5	41 (89%)	7.751^a	0.021
	No	62	152
		Educational activities
	Yes	5	33 (87%)	8.206^a	0.017
	No	75	142
It is not an appealing atmosphere		Having different experiences
	Yes	5	10 (67%)	8.200^a	0.017
	No	30	214
		A lot of outdoor activities (adventure/sport)
	Yes	10 (67%)	5	18.194^a	0.000
	No	57	188

^aSignificance p < 0.05.