Design and implementation of the Expanded Public Works Programme: Lessons from the Gundo Lashu labour-intensive programme

Figures & data

Table 1: Sampled projects

Project area	Road number	Length (km)
1 Tshifulanani–Tshivhumbe	D3724	3.7
2 Tshifulanani–Tshivhumbe	D3724	6.8
Muraleni–Madabani	D4016	1.6
Maebane–Makhitha	D3676, D5003	3.3
Schoemansdal–Makhitha	D3700	5.2
Muraleni–Madabani	D5003	3.5

Source: Musekene (2013:5).

Table 2: Variance ratio test on access to educational facilities

Group	Observations	Mean	Standard error	Standard development	95% confidence interval
Treatment	64	32.34375	2.314467	18.51573	27.71866	36.96884
Control	64	36.875	1.996711	15.97369	32.88489	40.86511
Combined	128	34.60938	1.535554	17.37282	31.57079	37.64796
ratio = sd(Treatment) / sd(Control), f = 1.3436
Ho: ratio = 1, degrees of freedom = 63, 63
Ha: ratio < 1 Ha: ratio ! = Ha: ratio > 1
Pr(F < f) = 0.8781, 2*Pr(F > f) = 0.2439, Pr(F > f) = 0.1219

Table 3: Comparison of means on access to educational facilities

Group	Observations	Mean	Standard error	Standard development	95% confidence interval
Treatment	64	32.34375	2.314467	18.51573	27.71866	36.96884
Control	64	36.875	1.996711	15.97369	32.88489	40.86511
Combined	128	34.60938	1.535554	17.37282	31.57079	37.64796
diff		−4.53125	3.056732		−10.58043	1.517933
diff = mean(Treatment) – mean(Control), t = −1.4824
Ho: diff = 0, degrees of freedom = 126
Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff ! = 0 Ha: diff > 0
Pr(T < t) = 0.0704, Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.1407, Pr(T > t) = 0.9296

Table 4: Variance ratio test on access to health facilities

Group	Observations	Mean	Standard error	Standard development	95% confidence interval
Treatment	64	36.01563	1.919704	15.35763	32.1794	39.85185
Control	64	38.90625	1.690561	13.52449	35.52793	42.28457
Combined	128	37.46094	1.280384	14.48589	34.92729	39.99459
ratio = sd(Treatment) / sd(Control), f = 1.2895
Ho: ratio = 1, degrees of freedom = 63, 63
Ha: ratio < 1 Ha: ratio ! = 1 Ha: ratio > 1
Pr(F < f) = 0.8422, 2*Pr(F > f) = 0.3156, Pr(F > f) = 0.1578

Table 5: Comparison of means on access to health facilities

Group	Observations	Mean	Standard error	Standard development	95% confidence interval
Treatment	64	36.01563	1.919704	15.35763	32.1794	39.85185
Control	64	38.90625	1.690561	13.52449	35.52793	42.28457
Combined	128	37.46094	1.280384	14.48589	34.92729	39.99459
diff		−2.890625	2.55798		−7.952791	2.171541
diff = mean(treatment) – mean(Control), t = −1.1300
Ho: diff = 0, degrees of freedom = 126
Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff ! = 0 Ha: diff > 0
Pr(T < t) = 0.1303, Pr(|T| > |t|) = 0.2606, Pr(T > t) = 0.8697

Musekene, EN, 2013. The impact of a labour-intensive road construction programme in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. Development Southern Africa 30(3), 332–46. doi: 10.1080/0376835X.2013.817301

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar