Food poverty, hunger and household production in rural Eastern Cape households

Figures & data

Table 1. Household well-being in the Eastern Cape, 2008/9 and 2012.

	Poverty headcount (GHS-z = 577)	% of African HHs w/adult hunger (GHS)	% of African HHs w/child hunger (GHS)	% of African HHs w/adult hunger (LCS)	% of African HHs w/child hunger (LCS)
Eastern Cape	62.25 (1.65)	2.94 (0.34)	1.34 (0.23)	10.90 (0.64)	7.97 (0.56)
Eastern Cape tribal areas	78.40 (1.43)	2.01 (0.38)	1.21 (0.28)	13.72 (0.95)	10.86 (0.87)
South Africa	48.06 (0.69)	3.21 (0.15)	1.60 (0.10)	7.58 (0.21)	5.00 (0.17)

Notes: The data are weighted.

Source: Own calculations from the 2012 GHS and the 2008/9 LCS.

Table 2. Food poverty and hunger among African farming households, 2008/9 and 2012.

	Poverty headcount (P0) (z = 305)		Percentage of households experiencing ‘acute’ hunger
	Farming households	Non-farming households	Farming households	Non-farming households
	GHS 2012
Eastern Cape	44.49 (1.70)	27.96 (1.50)	1.79 (0.42)	3.80 (0.48)
Eastern Cape tribal areas	46.37 (1.80)	40.46 (2.61)	1.86 (0.46)	2.66 (0.68)
South Africa	40.67 (0.79)	23.13 (0.55)	3.73 (0.31)	3.22 (0.18)
South African tribal areas	44.49 (0.88)	37.33 (1.03)	3.94 (0.34)	3.51 (0.30)
	LCS 2008/9
Eastern Cape	42.41 (1.91)	25.22 (2.87)	12.49 (1.04)	10.52 (0.84)
Eastern Cape tribal areas	44.05 (1.98)	41.27 (3.45)	13.48 (1.17)	15.85 (1.71)
South Africa	37.56 (1.17)	22.90 (0.89)	10.56 (0.51)	7.16 (0.24)
South African tribal areas	41.39 (1.24)	38.53 (1.48)	11.11 (0.60)	9.63 (0.47)

Notes: The data are weighted. Standard errors are in brackets.

Source: Own calculations from the 2012 GHS and the 2008/9 LCS.

Table 3. Hunger levels among food poor African households, 2012.

	Percentage of households experiencing ‘acute’ hunger		Percentage of households experiencing ‘medium’ hunger		Percentage of households experiencing ‘expanded’ hunger
	Farming	Non-farming	Farming	Non-farming	Farming	Non-farming
Eastern Cape	3.32 (0.87)	10.03 (1.45)	26.05 (2.12)	37.39 (2.54)	35.63 (2.33)	44.58 (2.63)
Eastern Cape tribal areas	3.23 (0.90)	4.38 (1.40)	26.35 (2.22)	36.49 (3.56)	36.37 (2.44)	44.71 (3.64)
South Africa	6.57 (0.63)	7.79 (0.56)	21.48 (0.98)	24.16 (0.87)	31.71 (1.09)	33.62 (0.95)
South African tribal areas	6.44 (0.65)	6.00 (0.65)	20.42 (1.02)	23.67 (1.23)	30.39 (1.15)	33.94 (1.34)

Notes: The data are weighted. Standard errors are in brackets.

Source: Own calculations from the 2012 GHS.

Table 4. The correlates of household hunger (medium) among African households, 2012.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(7)
Food poor	0.142*** (0.007)	0.143*** (0.007)	0.113*** (0.008)	0.112*** (0.008)
Home production		−0.003 (0.006)	−0.0143* (0.007)	0.002 (0.009)
Eastern Cape			0.034*** (0.008)	0.015 (0.011)
Tribal area			−0.024*** (0.007)	−0.032*** (0.007)
Main source of income
Business			0.036*** (0.012)	0.035*** (0.012)
Remittances			0.043*** (0.012)	0.041*** (0.012)
Pensions			−0.046** (0.018)	−0.047*** (0.018)
Grants			0.094*** (0.008)	0.105*** (0.010)
Farm sales			0.326** (0.158)	0.314** (0.159)
Other			0.006 (0.013)	0.006 (0.013)
No income			0.374*** (0.048)	0.375*** (0.048)
Interactions
EC*Home production				−0.025 (0.020)
EC*Tribal				0.053*** (0.019)
Home production*grants				−0.034** (0.015)
_cons	0.091*** (0.003)	0.091*** (0.003)	0.074*** (0.004)	0.074*** (0.004)
F stat	378.04	190.57	54.55	43.05
Prob > F	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
R^2	0.035	0.035	0.058	0.059
N (unweighted)	19 920	19 920	19 920	19 920

Notes: The data are weighted. Standard errors in parentheses. The omitted category is ‘salary/wages’ as the main source of household income.

Source: Own calculations from the 2012 GHS.

***Significant at the 99.9% confidence level.

**Significant at the 95% confidence level.

*Significant at the 90% confidence level.

Table 5. The correlates of hunger among food poor African households, 2012.

	South Africa		Eastern Cape
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Home production	−0.0281* (0.0146)	−0.00733 (0.0156)	−0.113*** (0.0332)	−0.118*** (0.0375)
Eastern Cape	0.107*** (0.0182)	0.129*** (0.0343)
Tribal area	−0.0401*** (0.0149)	−0.0473*** (0.0157)		0.00344 (0.0424)
Main source of income
Business	0.123*** (0.0388)	0.121*** (0.0388)		−0.0411 (0.0915)
Remittances	0.0411** (0.0199)	0.0380* (0.0199)		−0.0938 (0.0609)
Pensions	−0.0544 (0.0438)	−0.0521 (0.0439)		−0.0966 (0.143)
Grants	0.114*** (0.0176)	0.113*** (0.0176)		0.00908 (0.0562)
Farm sales	0.497** (0.228)	0.483** (0.229)
Other	0.0162 (0.0244)	0.0154 (0.0243)		−0.109 (0.0798)
No income	0.389*** (0.0553)	0.388*** (0.0553)		0.404*** (0.121)
Interactions
EC*Home production		−0.109*** (0.0406)
EC*Tribal		0.0398 (0.0446)
_cons	0.174*** (0.0142)	0.173*** (0.0145)	0.374*** (0.0255)	0.394*** (0.0535)
F stat	15.64	13.27	11.70	4.72
Prob > F	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
R^2	0.042	0.044	0.015	0.041
N (unweighted)	5727	5727	882	882

Notes: The data are weighted. Standard errors in parentheses. The omitted category is ‘salary/wages’ as the main source of household income.

Source: Own calculations from the 2012 GHS.

***Significant at the 99.9% confidence level.

**Significant at the 95% confidence level.

*Significant at the 90% confidence level.