Diverse family forms and quality-of-life in sub-Saharan African countries

Figures & data

Table 1. Percentage distribution of selected variables.

Variable	Congo Brazavile (n = 8700), %	Kenya (n = 6037), %	Mozanbique (n = 10 350), %	Nigeria (n = 27 034), %	Pooled data (n = 52 121), %
Place of Residence
Rural	70.3	69.0	60.9	64.3	65.4
Urban	29.7	31.0	39.1	35.7	34.6
Education
No Education	9.2	17.6	28.3	43.5	32.5
Primary	35.5	54.3	48.5	21.7	33.5
Secondary	53.4	21.1	20.4	27.2	28.7
Higher	1.9	7.1	2.8	7.6	5.4
Age
15–19 years	8.2	4.8	7.8	15.3	5.7
20–24	16.7	18.8	18.8	18.5	16.2
25–29	20.7	20.5	20.3	28.1	20.8
30–34	16.8	18.5	17.7	9.5	17.7
35–39	16.1	14.8	15.4	14.0	16.0
40–44	11.9	11.7	10.5	14.6	12.1
45–49	9.6	10.9	9.5	9.1	11.5
Wealth Index
Poor	67.4	37.5	30.7	41.3	43.1
Middle	12.4	17.3	18.2	20.4	18.2
Rich	20.2	45.2	51.1	38.3	38.6
Age at first cohabitation
< 14 years	12.5	11.0	15.8	26.6	20.5
15–19 years	53.5	51.3	52.9	44.2	48.3
20–24 years	16.6	29.0	21.8	20.0	21.8
25 years and above	8.3	8.7	9.5	9.2	9.1
Family formation
Single	8.7	8.3	6.6	2.6	4.7
Married	16.7	72.8	46.5	88.5	69.4
Cohabitation	56.9	5.3	30.2	2.7	18.6
Divorce/separated	17.7	13.7	16.7	6.2	7.4
Total Children Ever Born
1–3	54.5	55.8	55.1	43.8	36.8
4–6	33.1	30.6	32.3	34.8	24.3
7+	12.4	13.6	12.6	21.4	12.6
Currently Working
Yes	80.6	62.3	42.6	73.1	67.0
No	19.4	37.7	57.4	20.9	33.0

Table 2. Logistics regression showing relationship between family formation and wealth index.

	Congo		Kenya		Mozambique		Nigeria
	Odds Ratio	p-value	Odds Ratio	p-value	Odds Ratio	p-value	Odds Ratio	p-value
Unadjusted Variables
Single	1.419	0.028	1.048	0.145	2.117	0.000	1.388	0.024
Married	1.470	0.004	0.549	0.000	0.281	0.000	1.468	0.000
Cohabitation	1.157	0.214	0.501	0.000	1.267	0.000	2.280	0.000
Divorce/separated	RC	1.000	RC	1.000	RC	1.000	RC	1.000
Adjusted Variables
Single	2.176	0.000	0.973	0.960	2.040	0.001	0.889	0.491
Married	4.590	0.000	0.747	0.297	0.578	0.000	2.244	0.000
Cohabitation	2.130	0.000	0.501	0.932	2.148	0.000	2.718	0.000
Divorce/separated	RC	1.000	RC	1.000

Table 3. Logistics regression showing relationship between family formation and wealth index (pooled data).

	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	Odds Ratio	p-value	Odds Ratio	p-value
Single	1.421	0.000	1.249	0.001
Married	1.014	0.754	0.928	0.004
Cohabitation	0.976	0.554	0.879	0.002
Divorce/separated (r)	—	—	—	—

Table 4. Poisson regression showing relationship between family formation and education.

	Congo		Kenya		Mozambique		Nigeria
	β	p-value	β	p-value	Β	p-value	β	p-value
Unadjusted Variables
Single	1.033	0.011	1.742	0.031	1.930	0.000	1.370	0.000
Married	3.950	0.000	1.400	0.000	7.091	0.000	1.930	0.000
Cohabitation	1.630	0.000	2.213	0.000	2.123	0.000	1.021	0.058
Divorce/separated (r)	RC	—	RC	RC	RC		RC
Adjusted Variables
Single	1.362	0.054	1.061	0.065	3.949	0.005	1.015	0.002
Married	1.210	0.000	1.170	0.000	1.712	0.000	1.101	0.000
Cohabitation	2.411	0.000	1.03	0.067	1.165	0.000	1.325	0.000
Divorce/separated (r)	RC	—	RC	—	RC	—	RC	—

Table 5. Poisson regression showing relationship between family formation and education (pooled data).

	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	β	p-value	β	p-value
Single	1.02	0.000	1.05	—
Married	1.431	0.000	1.08	0.000
Cohabitation	3.63	0.023	1.052	0.000
Divorce/separated	RC	—	RC	—