Gender mainstreaming in multi-level political governance in urban Zambia: A critical review of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) achievements

Figures & data

Figure 1. Multi-level government in urban Zambia. Source: UN Habitat For a Better Urban Future (2012).

Figure 2. Determinants of women’s poor political participation.

Table A1. Overview of women's representation in parliament in Zambia.

Year	Total number of seats	Number of seats held by men	Number of seats held by women	Percentage of seats held by women
1990	136	127	9	6.6
1997	155	140	15	9.7
1998	155	140	15	9.7
1999	156	140	16	10.1
2000	158	142	16	10.1
2001	158	142	16	10.1
2002	158	139	19	12
2003	158	139	19	12
2004	158	139	19	12
2005	158	139	19	12.7
2006	158	138	20	14.6
2007	157	134	23	15.2
2008	158	134	24	15.2
2009	158	134	24	14
2010	157	135	22	14
2011	157	135	22	11.5
2012	157	139	18	11.5
2013	157	139	18	11.5
2014	158	141	17	10.8
2015	158	138	20	12.7
				18

Source: Compiled from The Millennium Development Goals (http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid=660).

Table A2. Women in local government in the SADC in 2015.

	Date of election	Total local government (LG) councillors	Women in LG	Women in LG (%)
Regional average		30,165	6873	23
Lesotho	2011	1276	627	49
Tanzania	2010	3477	1190	34
Namibia	2010	323	135	42
South Africa	2011	9090	3494	38
Mozambique	2014	1196	431	36
Zimbabwe	2013	1962	318	16
Mauritius	2005	1614	420	26
Botswana	2014	589	116	20
Madagascar	2008	9608	579	6
Malawi	2014	462	51	11
Swaziland	2013	462	54	12
Zambia	2011	1382	85	6

Note: Data not available for Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Seychelles.

Source: Lowe-Morna et al. (2015).

Lowe-Morna, C, Dube, S, & Makamure, L, 2015. SADC gender protocol 2015 barometer. Annual. Gender Links, Johannesburg.

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