Electricity access and charcoal consumption among urban households in Zambia

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary statistics of regression variables.

Variable	Mean	Std. Dev	Min	Max
Age of head (years)	41.00	12.53	10.00	90.00
Male headed (1 = yes)	0.77	0.42	0.00	1.00
Head completed high school (1 = yes)	0.30	0.46	0.00	1.00
Household size	4.56	2.34	1.00	20.58
Charcoal consumption (Kg/month)	24.96	23.86	0.00	675.47
Electricity access (1 = yes)	0.47	0.50	0.00	1.00
Monthly expenditure (ZMW1,000)	1.685	2.36	0.14	62.30
Charcoal price (ZMW/Kg)	1.12	339.05	0.53	1.35

Source: Authors’ calculations from LCMS 2010 data, CSO 2012.

Table 2. Main cooking, Urban Zambia.

Main Cooking Fuel	% Households
Charcoal user	47
Mixed fuel user	34
Electricity user	14

Note: The percentages do not sum to 100 since they include households reporting their fuel as ‘wood’ or ‘other.’

Source: Authors’ calculations from LCMS 2010 data, CSO 2012.

Figure 1. Main Cooking Fuel among Urban Households in Zambia by Expenditure Decile. Source: Authors’ calculations from LCMS 2010 data, CSO 2012.

Figure 2. Percent Urban Households by Cooking Fuel Type and Residential Area. Source: Authors’ calculations from LCMS 2010 data, CSO 2012.

Figure 3. Electrified Urban Households by Type of Cooking Fuel. Source: Authors’ calculations from LCMS 2010 data, CSO 2012.

Table 3. Analysis of variance of socioeconomic variables by cooking fuel choice.

Variable	Main Cooking Fuel
	Electricity-only	Electricity-charcoal	Charcoal-only
Age of head	38.85	42.00	40.95
Male head	0.80	0.80	0.74
Head completed high school	0.59	0.47	0.08
Household size	4.54	5.75	5.00
Electricity access	0.77	0.78	0.13
Household monthly expenditure (ZMW’000)	2.42	2.37	0.74

Source: Authors’ calculations from LCMS 2010 data, CSO 2012.

Table 4. Determinants of household charcoal consumption (Log Kg of charcoal used per month).

Variable	Coefficient
Age of the head	0.005
	(0.001)**
Gender of the head (1 = male)	−0.018
	(0.020)
Head completed high school (1 = yes)	−0.061
	(0.029)*
Household size (adult equivalent)	0.040
	(0.004)**
Total household expenditure (^aZMW ‘00)	0.548
	(0.045)**
Square of household expenditure	−0.058
	(0.007)**
Charcoal price per kg	0.001
	(0.002)
Access to electricity (1 = yes)	−0.543
	(0.108)**
Joint provincial dummy (9 provinces)	55.96**
N	8,295

^aHundred of Zambian kwacha. As at 2010, the exchange rate was USD1 to ZMW 4.

Notes: District-level-clustered standard errors in parentheses; **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.

Central Statistics Office (CSO), 2012. Living conditions monitoring survey reports 2010. Government of the Republic of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

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