Figures & data
Table 1. Key characteristics of the study core plantation and outgrower schemes – see the supplementary material for a full description of each project.
Table 2. Size, ownership and inclusion characteristics of the study outgrower schemes.
Table 3. Institutional responsibility in setting up and supporting outgrower schemes.
Table 4. Yield comparisons between outgrower schemes and core plantations.
Table 5. Outgrower level of empowerment in decision-making (either as individuals or management group).
Table 6. Responsibilities and income split among stakeholders.
Table 7. Ability of outgrowers to obtain benefits of scale for land preparation, access to inputs, access to services and negotiating power.
Table 8. Synthesis of institutional arrangements along the three Political Ecology questions.
Figure 1. Typology of sugarcane outgrower schemes in southern Africa.
Supplemental material