Road crashes in Namibia: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison or road safety across sub-Saharan Africa (WHO, 2018).

Country	Road deaths per 100 000 pop.	% road deaths in cars and light duty vehicles (drivers/passengers)	Direction of 5-year trend in road deaths
Angola	23.6	27/33	Decreasing
Benin	27.5	8/9	Flat
Botswana	23.8	23/40	Increasing
Burkina Faso	30.5	No Data	Decreasing
Burundi	34.7	No Data	Decreasing
Cameroon	30.1	No Data	Increasing
Central African Republic	33.6	No Data	No Data
Chad	27.6	No Data	Flat
Comoros	26.5	13/52	Increasing
Congo	27.4	No Data	No Data
Côte d’Ivoire	23.6	4/7	Increasing
DRC	33.7	1/35	Increasing
Equatorial Guinea	24.6	No Data	No Data
Eritrea	25.3	10/26	Decreasing
Eswatini	26.9	24/30	Decreasing
Ethiopia	26.7	No Data	Increasing
Gabon	23.2	No Data	Decreasing
Gambia	29.7	No Data	Increasing
Ghana	24.9	5/7	Decreasing
Guinea	28.2	No Data	Increasing
Guinea-Bissau	31.1	No Data	Increasing
Kenya	27.8	12/25	Decreasing
Lesotho	28.9	No Data	Increasing
Liberia	35.9	No Data	No Data
Madagascar	28.6	No Data	Increasing
Malawi	31.0	6/25	Flat
Mali	23.1	16/12	Decreasing
Mauritania	24.7	No Data	Decreasing
Mauritius	13.7	9/8	Flat
Mozambique	30.1	No Data	Decreasing
Namibia	30.4	No Data	Increasing
Niger	26.2	No Data	Increasing
Nigeria	21.4	No Data	Decreasing
Rwanda	29.7	No Data	No Data
Sao Tome and Principe	27.5	No Data	Decreasing
Seychelles	15.9	20/27	Increasing
Senegal	23.4	No Data	Decreasing
Sierra Leone	No Data	No Data	No Data
Somalia	27.1	No Data	Increasing
South Africa	25.9	21/24	Decreasing
South Sudan	29.9	No Data	Decreasing
Sudan	25.7	No Data	Decreasing
Togo	29.2	No Data	Decreasing
Uganda	29.0	5/17	Increasing
Tanzania	29.2	8/30	Decreasing
Zambia	No Data	No Data	No Data
Zimbabwe	34.7	12/14	Increasing

Table 2. Transport modes by Assigned Category.

Mode	Vehicle types from Namibia crash records
PV	Motor car/Station wagon, Caravan/Trailer
GV	Truck: Articulated, Truck: Articulated Multiple, Gross Vehicle Mass greater than 3500 Kg
TSV	Sedan taxi, Minibus taxi, Minibus, Midibus, Bus, Light delivery vehicle, Panel van

Table 3. Descriptive statistics of modelled variables.

Variable	Mean (Standard Deviation)
Serious injury crash (1 if serious injury, 0 otherwise)	0.063 (0.243)
Young driver (1 if driver ≤ 30 years old, 0 otherwise)	0.739 (0.439)
Female driver (1 if female, 0 otherwise)	0.170 (0.376)
Non-Namibian driver (1 if foreigner, 0 otherwise)	0.086 (0.280)
Built-up area (1 if built-up, 0 otherwise)	0.745 (0.436)
Non-intersection (1 if true, 0 otherwise)	0.548 (0.498)
Night (1 if true, 0 otherwise)	0.129 (0.335)
One-way road (1 if true, 0 otherwise)	0.118 (0.323)
Unpaved road surface (1 if true, 0 otherwise)	0.149 (0.357)
Weekday (1 if Monday to Thursday, 0 otherwise)	0.570 (0.495)
Weekend (1 if Friday to Sunday, 0 otherwise)	0.430 (0.495)
Single-carriage way (1 if true, 0 otherwise)	0.351 (0.477)
Rear-end crash (1 if true, 0 otherwise)	0.255 (0.436)
Rainy season (1 if January to March, 0 otherwise)	0.233 (0.423)
Sideswipe crash (1 if true, 0 otherwise)	0.146 (0.353)
Concrete road surface (1 if true, 0 otherwise)	0.048 (0.214)
Dawn/Dusk (1 if true, 0 otherwise)	0.025 (0.157)

Table 4. Private Vehicle crash model estimation results (standard error in parentheses).

Parameter	Class 1 62%	Class 2 27%	Class 3 11%
Female driver		8.33 (2.20)	3.56 (0.46)
Single-carriage way	0.22 (0.06)	−0.95 (0.41)	0.42 (0.17)
Rear-end crash	0.34 (0.08)	−1.18 (0.53)	0.365 (0.17)
Weekend	0.17 (0.06)		1.59 (0.74)
Paved road		−2.22 (0.88)

Table 5. Good Vehicle crash model estimation results (standard error in parentheses).

Parameter	Class 1 62%	Class 2 27%	Class 3 11%
Non-Namibian drive	1.62 (0.91)	3.67 (0.73)
Young driver (age ≤ 30)			0.65 (0.18)
Built-up area		4.06 (1.76)
Non-intersection			0.50 (0.18)
Weekday	1.17 (0.66)	0.55 (0.20)
Night		3.87 (0.96)	−1.08 (0.62)
Sideswipe accident			2.46 (1.39)

Table 6. Transportation Service Vehicle crash model estimation results (standard error in parentheses)

Parameter	Class 1 62%	Class 2 27%	Class 3 11%
Serious injury crash	0.55 (0.11)	0.58 (0.35)
Young driver (age ≤ 30)	0.56 (0.09)
Night	0.59 (0.11)
Dawn/Dusk	0.58 (0.17)	−1.58 (0.64)
Built-Up area	−0.32 (0.10)	3.52 (1.73)	−3.38 (1.05)
Unpaved road	0.94 (0.11)	2.01 (0.49)
Not a junction	0.24 (0.06)	−0.819 (0.37)	1.98 (0.68)
Increased rainfall	0.26 (0.06)	−0.79 (0.21)	1.28 (0.56)

WHO (World Health Organization), 2018. Global status report on road safety 2016. https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en/ Accessed 19 July 2019.

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