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ABSTRACT
This paper presents the design of compact and low profile multi-band/reconfigurable planar monopole antennas using a 1.6 mm-thicker FR4 substrate and a truncated ground-plane. One of the proposed structures (Antenna2) is reconfigured using optical switch. The proposed antennas can operate in single- and dual-band modes depending on the STATE of the switch. Antenna1 operates in dual-band mode (Wi-Fi @ 2.45 GHz and WLAN @ 5.4 GHz). Antenna2 gives two distinct dual-band modes depending on the state of the switch, i.e. (Wi-Fi @ 2.45 GHz and WLAN @ 5.13 GHz) and (WiMAX @ 3.49 GHz and WLAN @ 5.81 GHz), when the switch is ON and OFF, respectively. The proposed structures achieve bandwidths ranging from 11% to 36% at respective centred frequencies. The antennas are designed with input impedance in the range of 45–53 Ω having VSWR < 1.27 for operating frequency bands. Gain values from 1.6 to 3 dBi and radiating efficiencies from 76.4% to 92% are attained at required operating bands. The proposed antennas are light-weight, low-profile, and easily fabricated. Therefore, they are potential candidates for use in portable and intelligent mobile phones, laptops, PDAs, and iPads as well as for military, rescue, safety, and medical applications. Using a numerical Finite Integration Technique employed in Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio, the antennas far-field, scattering, and gain parameters are evaluated. The antennas are fabricated and a good agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors of the manuscript would like to thank Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for supporting the research; the honourable Dr James A. Flint, Loughborough University for providing support in numerical analysis using CST MWS and RF and Microwave Lab, COMSATS, Islamabad for their support in the measurements.
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
S. A. A. Shah
S. A. A. Shah did his Bachelor's in telecommunication engineering, from UET Peshawar (Mardan Campus), Pakistan in 2015. Currently he is doing MS leading to PhD in Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulsan, South Korea. His research interests include planar antenna, millimeter wave antennas, multi band antennas, implanted antennas, specific absorption rate analysis, frequency selective surfaces and EBGs.
E-mail: [email protected],
M. F. Khan
M. F. Khan is a postgraduate research student in UET Peshawar, Pakistan in the Department of Telecommunication Engineering, UET Peshawar (Mardan Campus), Pakistan. Currently he is doing research on reconfigurable antennas. His research interests include, planar antennas, millimeter wave antennas, specific absorption rate analysis, frequency selective surfaces and EBGs.
E-mail: [email protected]
S. Ullah
S. Ullah is an assistant professor and head of the Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan. Sadiq Ullah received BSc in electrical engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan. He achieved his MSc in electrical engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan. In 2007, he joined the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, at Loughborough University, U.K., and was awarded PhD for his research in the field of design and measurement of metamaterial based antennas in 2010. His research mainly focuses on design and measurement of low-profile antennas on electromagnetic band gap structures, RFID tag antennas and wearable antennas. He has been worked as a research associate at Loughborough University, where he researched on the propagation effects of rain, snow, ice, fog and forest in millimeter wave band. During his PhD and onwards, he published his research in international conferences and journals.
E-mail: [email protected]
A. Basir
A. Basir received his Bachelors degree in telecommunication engineering from University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan in 2015. Currently he is pursuing his MS leading to PhD studies in biomedical engineering at Ulsan University, South Korea. His research interest include implantable antennas and systems, wearable antennas, metamaterial, dielectric resonator antennas, reconfigurable antennas and wireless power transfer.
E-mail: [email protected]
U. Ali
U. Ali is a postgraduate research student in the Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Peshawar. He did his Bachelors from UET Peshawar in 2012. His research interests include metamaterials, signal processing, electromagnetic band gap structures and wearable antennas. Currently he is working as a lab engineer in the same department.
E-mail: [email protected]
U. Naeem
U. Naeem was born in Karachi, Pakistan on 2nd October 1982, he earned his BE degree in electrical engineering from NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, in 2005. He completed his Masters and Doctorate education, with specialization in high frequency electronics and optoelectronics, from University of Limoges, Limoges, France, in 2007 and 2010 respectively. His research interests include synthesis of microwave components and circuits, multi-functional RF front-ends and electromagnetic band gap structures.
E-mail: [email protected]