Color Image Watermarking Using Adaptive Tunable Q Wavelet, Finite Ridge Let, and Arnold Transforms with TSVD

Abstract

In recent years, researchers have been working to integrate watermarking practices anchored in wavelet transform (WT) coefficients and Singular value decomposition (SVD) to recover the robustness of watermarked images in opposition to geometric and non-geometric attacks. Conversely, the watermark embedding, can initiate vagueness in the false-positive problem (FPP). To address this issue, Flamingo search algorithm-based Color Image Watermarking using Adaptive Tunable Q wavelet, Finite ridge let, Arnold transforms with Truncated Singular value decomposition (ATQWT-FRT-AT-TSVD-FSOA-CIW) is proposed. The proposed ATQWT-FRTAT-TSVD-FSOA-CIW method is separated into two stages: (i) watermark embedding and (ii) watermark extraction. The scaling factor is optimized with the help of the Flamingo search algorithm, which provides higher robustness, higher embedding strength, resistance to a false-positive problem, and better quality of the watermarking scheme. The proposed ATQWT-FRT-AT-TSVD-FSOA-CIW method is simulated in MATLAB tool. The performance of the proposed ATQWT-FRT-AT-TSVD-FSOA-CIW design is estimated under several performance metrics, such as Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Structural similarity index measurement (SSIM), and Normalized cross-correlation (NCC). The performance of the proposed ATQWT-FRT-AT-TSVD-FSOA-CIW method attains 35%, 22.43%, 21.157%, 13.96%, and 7.186% higher PSNR compared to the existing designs, like secure with robust color image watermarking utilizing nature-inspired intelligence (DWT-SVD-ABCOA-CIW), the Artificial bee colony basis perceptually tuned blind color image watermarking in the hybrid LWT-DCT domain (LWT-DCT-ABCOA-CIW), the DWT-SVD based adaptive color multi-watermarking scheme for copyright protection under AMEF and PSO-GWO (DWT-SVD-Hybrid PSO-GWOA-CIW), Robust image watermarking based on fractional Krawtchouk transform with optimization (FrKT-Hybrid FO-CSOA-CIW), and the optimized semi-blind scheme for color image watermarking (DWTFRT-AT-SVD-PSO-CIW).

KEYWORDS:

• Flamingo search algorithm
• Color image watermarking
• Adaptive tunable Q wavelet transform
• Finite ridge let transform

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

IMPACT STATEMENT

Flamingo search algorithm-based Color Image Watermarking using Adaptive Tunable Q wavelet, Finite ridge let, Arnold transforms with Truncated Singular value decomposition (ATQWT-FRT-AT-TSVD-FSOA-CIW) is proposed in this manuscript.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

P. Mangaiyarkarasi

P Mangaiyarkarasi is currently working as an associate professor in the Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering department, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore. Her research interest includes image processing, digital watermarking, and wavelet transform. Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

V. Tamil Selvi

V Tamil Selvi is a professor and head of the department of science and humanities. She obtained her BE degree in electronics and instrumentation engineering from Annamalai University, Chidambaram, her ME degree in applied electronics from the University of Madras and her PhD in electrical engineering from the College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai. Email: [email protected]

K. Valarmathi

K Valarmathi has worked in several public limited companies for more than 7 years. She has worked as a lecturer at MNM Jain Engineering College for more than 2.5 years. Now she is working as a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, at Panimalar Engineering College from July 2003 onwards. Email: [email protected]