Optimized Cluster-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Over Weibull, Nakagami, Rician, and Rayleigh Fading Channels

Abstract

This paper reports cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing (CB-CSS) over Weibull, Nakagami, Rician, and Rayleigh fading channels in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). The performance assessment of centralized cooperative spectrum sensing (CCSS) and CB-CSS with different fusion rules over the Weibull fading channel is presented. The goal is to improve detection performance in a practical and efficient manner for CB-CSS. For this purpose, an expression for the optimal inter-fusion rule threshold (fusion rule between cluster head (CH) and fusion center (FC)) is proposed to minimize total error probability (TEP) over Weibull for CB-CSS. Simulations are conducted using analytical equations for missed detection and false alarm probability. The obtained expression for optimal inter-fusion rule threshold which minimizes TEP is verified by the results. The proposed model is validated with other fading channels such as Nakagami, Rician, and Rayleigh to show the superiority of the approach. It is observed that for a given range of detection threshold and for $4\times 6$ cluster size (4 clusters and 6 CR users inside each cluster), the lowest total error probability is achieved over the Weibull fading channel. Minimum TEP over the Weibull fading channel for given network parameters is $\mathrm{TEP}=1.656\times {10}^{-6}$ when intra- and inter-fusion rules are $l=1$ (OR fusion) and $c=3$. The least number of clusters and users essential to achieving target error bound over different fading channels are also determined.

KEYWORDS:

• Cognitive radio network
• Cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing
• Fusion rules
• Total error probability
• Weibull fading channel

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are grateful to the Director, MNIT Jaipur and Vice-Chancellor, BITS Mesra for granting permission for this research work.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Yashaswini Sharma

Yashaswini Sharma has completed her PhD in the department of electronics and communication engineering at Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur, India. Currently she is working as an assistant professor in Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering in Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP since July 2023. She graduated in electronics and communication engineering from RTU in 2012 and completed her MTech degree in embedded systems from JECRC University, Jaipur in 2017. Her research interests include wireless communications, cognitive radio, and cooperative communication. Email: [email protected]

Ritu Sharma

Ritu Sharma completed her bachelor of engineering from Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, in 1994. She completed her master's in electronics and communication engineering and her PhD degree in the field of photonics from Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, in 2004 and 2011, respectively. She worked at Modi Olivetti Ltd., Bombay and Technomics Pvt. Ltd., Bombay, as a work controller for 1 year. She has been an associate professor in the department of electronics and communication, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, since 1999. She has supervised 12 PhD dissertations and several MTech thesis in the field of MEMS-based sensors, communication and nanotechnology. Her research area includes, communication engineering and optics, fabrication and characterization of nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices based on low-cost materials, nanomaterials for nano-optolectronic and nanopiezoelectric devices, optoelectronics and photonics, solar cell, biophysics, MEMS and nanoelectronic devices, optoelectronics, pattern recognition. E-mail: [email protected]

K.K. Sharma

Kamalesh Kumar Sharma received BE and ME degrees in electronics and communication engineering from Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India, in 1990 and 2001, respectively. He completed his PhD degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in year 2008. Presently, he is working as a professor (H.A.G) with the department of electronics and communication engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur. He has supervised 17 PhD dissertations and several MTech theses. His research interests include sampling theory of signals, signal and image processing, fractional Fourier transforms, electromagnetics, and wireless communications. E-mail: [email protected]

Vijay Nath

Vijay Nath received his BSc degree in physics from DDU University Gorakhpur, India in 1998 and a PG diploma in computer networking from MMM University of Technology Gorakhpur, India in 1999 and MSc degree in electronics from DDU University Gorakhpur, India in 2001, and PhD degree in electronics from Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya Avadh University Ayodhya (UP) and in association with CEERI Pilani (Raj), India in 2008. His areas of interest are ultra-low-power temperature sensors for missile applications, microelectronics engineering, mixed-signal design, application-specific integrated circuit design, embedded system design, cardiac pacemakers, internet of things, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and computational intelligence. Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]