The Challenging Paths to Net-Zero Emissions: Insights from the Monitoring of National Policy Mixes

Figures & data

Figure 1. Number of climate policy instruments reported by all EU member states (2009-2019)

Note: An earlier version of this figure was published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) in Schoenefeld et al. (2019) – that version does not include the new 2019 data. Based on data from the EEA Monitoring Mechanism/PaMs database, http://pam.apps.eea.europa.eu (last accessed 9 July 2021).

Figure 2. Projected emissions reductions per instrument (2009-2019)

Source: Compilation by the authors, based on data from the EEA Monitoring Mechanism/PaMs database, http://pam.apps.eea.europa.eu (last accessed 9 July 2021).

Figure 3. Number of climate policy instruments by sector (2009-2019)

Source: Compilation by the authors, based on data from the EEA, Monitoring Mechanism/PaMs database, http://pam.apps.eea.europa.eu (last accessed 9 July 2021).

Figure 4. Number of climate policy instruments by type (2009-2019)

Source: Compilation by the authors, based on data from the EEA Monitoring Mechanism/PaMs database, http://pam.apps.eea.europa.eu (last accessed 9 July 2021).

Figure 5. Instrument diversity by sector (2009-2019, IHHI Index)

Note: Please note that the y-axis does not start at “0” for better readability. Source: Compilation by the authors, based on data from the EEA Monitoring Mechanism/PaMs database, http://pam.apps.eea.europa.eu (last accessed 9 July 2021).

Schoenefeld, Jonas J., Schulze, Kai, Hildén, Mikael, and Jordan, Andrew J. 2019. Policy Monitoring in the EU: The Impact of Institutions, Implementation, and Quality. Politische Vierteljahresschrift 60 (4): 719–41.

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar