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Notes
1 Ian Collinge, “Moving from Monocultural to Multicultural Worship,” in Worship and Mission for the Global Church: An Ethnodoxology Handbook, ed. James R. Krabill, Frank Fortunato, Robin P. Harris, and Brian Schrag (Pasadena: William Carey Library, 2013), 442.
2 Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (London: Vintage Books, 1993). See also Michael N. Jagessar and Stephen Burns, Christian Worship: Postcolonial Perspectives (Oxford: Routledge, 2014), 70–85.
3 C. Michael Hawn, One Bread, One Body: Exploring Cultural Diversity in Worship (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003).
4 Homi Bhabha, The Location of Culture (London: Routledge, 1994), 4.
5 Gen 29:15-28 and Rom 8:26-39.
6 For an interesting discussion on the language of intimacy in prayer, see Douglas J. Moo, The Letter to the Romans (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996), 503.
7 A more sophisticated possibility is the formation of a third space. See Rakesh Mohan Bhatt, “In Other Words: Language Mixing, Identity Representations, and Third Space,” Journal of Sociolinguistics 12, no. 2 (2008): 177-200, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2008.00363.x. Bhatt’s essay analyzes Hindi in English newspapers in India and sees the construct of a discursive third space (Bhabha, The Location of Culture (London: Routledge, 1994)) where two systems of identity representation converge, on the one hand, in response to global-local tensions and, on the other hand, dialogically constituted identities formed through resistance and appropriation.
8 Martin Stokes, “Music and the Global Order,” Annual Review of Anthropology 33, no. 1 (2004): 47–72, DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143916.
9 Joy Hyunsook Kim, “Diaspora Musicians and Creative Collaboration in a Multicultural Community: A Case Study in Ethnodoxology” (master’s thesis, Dallas International University, 2018), 17.
10 Kim “Diaspora Musicians.”
11 Brian Schrag, “Motivations and methods for encouraging artists in longer traditions,” in The Oxford Handbook of Applied Ethnomusicology, ed. Jeff Todd Titon and Svanibor Pettan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 317–47.
13 For a helpful discussion on high/low context, see Hawn, One Bread, One Body.
14 For further discussions on how contrapuntality might speak into liturgical practices, see Jagessar and Burns, Christian Worship, 70–85.
15 Kim goes further by drawing from Jung Young Lee, Marginality: The Key to Multicultural Theology (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995), stating that the core of this identification is realizing that “the new marginality Jesus Christ created through his death and resurrection becomes the creative core for marginalized people.” However, this discussion goes beyond the bounds of this essay.
16 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Ethics, ed. Clifford J. Green (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2005), 394.
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Karen Campbell
Karen Campbell is a co-pastor at Church of the Servant CRC, a Christian Reformed Church in Grand Rapids, Michigan. While ministering in Ireland, she chaired the Worship Committee for the Presbyterian Church in Ireland. Prior to ministry, she lectured at Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya and researched the hymnology of the Dinka people from South Sudan.