Transnational governance as strategy? Mapping and explaining the European Union’s participation in transnational public-private governance initiatives

Figures & data

Figure 1. IGO participation in TGIs, 2017. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), European Union (EU), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization (WHO), Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Asian Development Bank (ADB), African Development Bank (AfDB), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN Habitat), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations (UN), World Food Programme (WFP), International Finance Corporation (IFC), United Nations Development Fund for Women (UN Women), International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

Figure 2. Features of TGIs in which the EU participates.

Table 1. Summary statistics dependent and independent variables.

	Mean	Std. dev.	Min.	Max.	Observations
EU participation	0.231	0.422	0.000	1.000	567
TGI start year	2001.125	14.367	1885.000	2017.000	567
Log num. TGI participants	3.915	1.180	1.386	9.485	520
TGI major powers	2.427	2.349	0.000	10.000	478
TGI average democracy	7.426	3.547	−10.000	10.000	478
Formal TGI	0.192	0.394	0.000	1.000	567
Governance-issue similarity	0.185	0.141	0.000	0.612	551
Log num. state participants	1.686	1.137	0.000	5.257	544
Log num. IGO participants	1.293	0.818	0.000	4.043	550
Log num. company participants	2.225	1.660	0.000	9.031	528
Log num. NGO participants	2.462	1.331	0.000	7.924	534

Table 2. Logistic regression estimates EU participation in TGIs.

	(1)	(2)	(3)
TGI start year	$-{0.004}^{\ast }$	$-{0.003}^{\ast }$	$-{0.003}^{\ast }$
	$(0.002)$	$(0.002)$	$(0.002)$
Log TGI participants	${0.051}^{\ast \ast }$	${0.044}^{\ast }$	${0.042}^{\ast }$
	$(0.018)$	$(0.018)$	$(0.019)$
TGI major powers	$0.016$	${0.018}^{\ast }$	${0.018}^{\ast }$
	$(0.009)$	$(0.009)$	$(0.009)$
TGI average democracy	$-0.007$	$-0.007$	$-0.006$
	$(0.006)$	$(0.006)$	$(0.006)$
Formal TGI		${0.141}^{\ast \ast }$	${0.153}^{\ast \ast }$
		$(0.052)$	$(0.053)$
Governance-issue similarity			$-0.071$
			$(0.168)$
BIC	$529.147$	$527.786$	$537.905$
Observations	$446$	$446$	$435$

Standard errors in parentheses. All significance tests two-tailed.

${ }^{\ast \ast \ast }p<0.001$, ${ }^{\ast \ast }p<0.01$, ${ }^{\ast }p<0.05$

Figure 3. Marginal effects of independent variables on EU participation in TGIs.

Table 3. Logistic regression estimates EU participation in TGIs.

	(4)
TGI start year	$-0.003$
	$(0.002)$
Log states	${0.052}^{\ast }$
	$(0.024)$
Log IGOs	${0.157}^{\ast \ast \ast }$
	$(0.028)$
Log companies	${0.032}^{\ast }$
	$(0.014)$
Log NGOs	$-{0.039}^{\ast }$
	$(0.018)$
TGI major powers	$0.002$
	$(0.010)$
TGI average democracy	$0.002$
	$(0.006)$
Formal TGI	${0.145}^{\ast \ast }$
	$(0.051)$
Governance-issue similarity	$-0.103$
	$(0.162)$
BIC	$512.442$
Observations	$435$

Standard errors in parentheses. All significance tests two-tailed.

${ }^{\ast \ast \ast }p<0.001$, ${ }^{\ast \ast }p<0.01$, ${ }^{\ast }p<0.05$