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Research Article

The impact of Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine on public perceptions of EU security and defence integration: a big data analysis

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Figures & data

Table 1. Categories of EU Member States based on our selected variables.

Figure 1. Volume per 1000 inhabitants of security news, by Member State and across the EU (November 2021-May 2022).

Figure 1. Volume per 1000 inhabitants of security news, by Member State and across the EU (November 2021-May 2022).

Figure 2. Daily volume per 1000 inhabitants of all news on security, before and after the invasion, by EU Member State.

Figure 2. Daily volume per 1000 inhabitants of all news on security, before and after the invasion, by EU Member State.

Figure 3. Daily volume per 1000 inhabitants of news on security mentioning the EU, before and after the invasion, by EU Member State.

Figure 3. Daily volume per 1000 inhabitants of news on security mentioning the EU, before and after the invasion, by EU Member State.

Figure 4. Daily volume per 1000 inhabitants of security news, before and after the invasion, by country categories.

Figure 4. Daily volume per 1000 inhabitants of security news, before and after the invasion, by country categories.

Figure 5. Tone of all security news vs tone of security news mentioning the EU, by Member State and across the EU (November 2021-May 2022).

Figure 5. Tone of all security news vs tone of security news mentioning the EU, by Member State and across the EU (November 2021-May 2022).

Figure 6. Tone differential of security news mentioning the EU, relative to all security news, before and after the invasion, by EU Member States.

Figure 6. Tone differential of security news mentioning the EU, relative to all security news, before and after the invasion, by EU Member States.

Figure 7. Tone differential of security news including the EU, relative to all security news, before and after the invasion, by country categories.

Figure 7. Tone differential of security news including the EU, relative to all security news, before and after the invasion, by country categories.

Figure 8. Net favourability towards CSDP by EU member state in the run-up to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Source: own calculations, based on an average of data from QB6.2 in Standard Eurobarometers 94, 95, and 96 (European Commission, Citation2021a, Citation2021b, Citation2022b).

Figure 8. Net favourability towards CSDP by EU member state in the run-up to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Source: own calculations, based on an average of data from QB6.2 in Standard Eurobarometers 94, 95, and 96 (European Commission, Citation2021a, Citation2021b, Citation2022b).

Figure 9. Evolution in net CSDP favourability, before and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Source: own calculations, based on January-February 2022 data from Standard Eurobarometer 96 (European Commission, Citation2022b, QB6.2) and April-May 2022 data from Special Eurobarometer 526 (European Commission, Citation2022a, QC14.2).

Figure 9. Evolution in net CSDP favourability, before and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Source: own calculations, based on January-February 2022 data from Standard Eurobarometer 96 (European Commission, Citation2022b, QB6.2) and April-May 2022 data from Special Eurobarometer 526 (European Commission, Citation2022a, QC14.2).

Figure A1. Daily volume per 1000 inhabitants of all news on security, before and after the invasion, by EU Member State (box plots).

Figure A1. Daily volume per 1000 inhabitants of all news on security, before and after the invasion, by EU Member State (box plots).

Figure A2. Daily volume per 1000 inhabitants of news on security mentioning the EU, before and after the invasion, by EU Member State (box plots).

Figure A2. Daily volume per 1000 inhabitants of news on security mentioning the EU, before and after the invasion, by EU Member State (box plots).

Figure A3. Tone pre- and post-invasion of all news on security, by country categories.

Figure A3. Tone pre- and post-invasion of all news on security, by country categories.

Figure A4. Tone pre- and post-invasion of news on security mentioning the EU, by country categories.

Figure A4. Tone pre- and post-invasion of news on security mentioning the EU, by country categories.