Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, in Canada in 2008

Figures & data

Table 1. Frequency and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Puccinia triticina in Canada in 2008 identified by infection types when inoculated onto 16 ‘Thatcher’ near-isogenic lines

		AB^b		MB+SK		ON		QC		PEI		Canada
Virulence Phenotype	Avirulence/virulence formula (Lr genes)^a	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
MBBJ	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,18/1,3,10,14a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	9.1	1	0.2
MBBS	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,3ka,11,17,30,18/1,3,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
MBDS	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,3ka,11,30,18/1,3,17,B,10,14a	0	0	1	0.3	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	2	0.5
MBPS	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,11,18/1,3,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	0	0	6	2	4	5.6	0	0	0	0	10	2.5
MBTD	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,B,10,18/1,3,3ka,11,17,30,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
MBTN	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,10,18/1,3,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a	0	0	0	0	5	7	0	0	0	0	5	1.2
MBTS	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,18/1,3,3ka,11,17,30,B,10,14a	0	0	1	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
MCDS	2a,2c,9,16,24,3ka,11,30,18/1,3,26,17,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	10	0	0	1	0.2
MCPQ	2a,2c,9,16,24,11,14a,18/1,3,26,3ka,17,30,B,10	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
MCTN	2a,2c,9,16,24,10,18/1,3,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a	0	0	0	0	2	2.8	0	0	0	0	2	0.5
MCTP	2a,2c,9,16,24,10/1,3,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a,18	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
MDDJ	2a,2c,9,16,26,3ka,11,30,B,18/1,3,24,17,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
MDDS	2a,2c,9,16,26,3ka,11,30,18/1,3,24,17,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	5	7	0	0	0	0	5	1.2
MDGS	2a,2c,9,16,26,3ka,17,30,18/1,3,24,11,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
MDNS	2a,2c,9,16,26,11,30,18/1,3,24,3ka,17,B,10,14a	0	0	5	1.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	1.2
MDPS	2a,2c,9,16,26,11,18/1,3,24,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	0	0	19	6.3	3	4.2	0	0	0	0	22	5.4
MDTS	2a,2c,9,16,26,18/1,3,24,3ka,11,17,30,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
MFBS	2a,2c,9,16,3ka,11,17,30,18/1,3,24,26,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
MFDS	2a,2c,9,16,3ka,11,30,18/1,3,24,26,17,B,10,14a	0	0	1	0.3	20	28.2	0	0	1	9.1	22	5.4
MFGJ	2a,2c,9,16,3ka,17,30,B,18/1,3,24,26,11,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	2	18.2	3	0.7
MFNS	2a,2c,9,16,11,30,18/1,3,24,26,3ka,17,B,10,14a	0	0	6	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	1.5
MFPS	2a,2c,9,16,11,18/1,3,24,26,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	0	0	17	5.6	3	4.2	0	0	1	9.1	21	5.2
MFRJ	2a,2c,9,16,17,B,18/1,3,24,26,3ka,11,30,10,14a	0	0	0	0	2	2.8	0	0	0	0	2	0.5
MFRS	2a,2c,9,16,17,18/1,3,24,26,3ka,11,30,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
MGNQ	2a,2c,9,24,26,11,30,14a,18/1,3,16,3ka,17,B,10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	9.1	1	0.2
MHNQ	2a,2c,9,24,11,30,14a,18/1,3,16,26,3ka,17,B,10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	27.3	3	0.7
MLDS	2a,2c,16,24,26,3ka,11,30,18/1,3,9,17,B,10,14a	4	30.8	62	20.5	6	8.5	5	50	0	0	77	18.9
PBLR	2a,9,16,24,26,11,17,30,14a/1,2c,3,3ka,B,10,18	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	10	0	0	1	0.2
TBBJ	9,16,24,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,10,14a	1	7.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TBDG^c	9,16,24,26,3ka,11,30,B,14a,18/1,2a,2c,3,17,10	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TBJS	9,16,24,26,3ka,30,18/1,2a,2c,3,11,17,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TBPJ	9,16,24,26,11,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,3ka,17,30,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TBRJ	9,16,24,26,17,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,3ka,11,30,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TBRK	9,16,24,26,17,B/1,2a,2c,3,3ka,11,30,10,14a,18	0	0	0	0	1	1.4	1	10	1	9.1	3	0.7
TCRT	9,16,24,17/1,2a,2c,3,26,3ka,11,30,B,10,14a,18	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	9.1	1	0.2
TDBB^c	9,16,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,10,14a,18/1,2a,2c,3,24	0	0	1	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TDBG^c	9,16,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a,18/1,2a,2c,3,24,10	4	30.8	88	29.1	2	2.8	0	0	0	0	94	23.1
TDBJ^c	9,16,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,24,10,14a	3	23.1	90	29.8	3	4.2	0	0	0	0	96	23.6
TDBQ	9,16,26,3ka,11,17,30,14a,18/1,2a,2c,3,24,B,10	1	7.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TDPJ	9,16,26,11,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,24,3ka,17,30,10,14a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	10	0	0	1	0.2
TFBJ	9,16,3ka,11,17,30,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,24,26,10,14a	0	0	1	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TFBS	9,16,3ka,11,17,30,18/1,2a,2c,3,24,26,B,10,14a	0	0	1	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TGBJ	9,24,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,16,10,14a	0	0	1	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TJBG^c	9,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a,18/1,2a,2c,3,16,24,10	0	0	1	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TLDS	16,24,26,3ka,11,30,18/1,2a,2c,3,9,17,B,10,14a	0	0	1	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.2
TLGJ	16,24,26,3ka,17,30,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,9,11,10,14a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	10	0	0	1	0.2
Total		13		302		71		10		11		407
^aVirulence phenotype determined according to Long & Kolmer (1989).
^bBC = British Columbia, AB = Alberta, MB = Manitoba, SK = Saskatchewan, ON = Ontario, QC = Quebec and PEI = Prince Edward Island.
^cThese virulence phenotypes were avirulent to LrCen, except TDBJ that had some isolates that were avirulent and some that were virulent to LrCen, all other virulence phenotypes were virulent to LrCen.

Table 2. Frequency (%) of predominant P. triticina virulence phenotypes in Canada from 2000 to 2008

	Year
Virulence Phenotype^a	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
KBBJ	0 ^c	0	0.4	9.6	0	0	0	0	0
MBDS	56.0	19.2	32.9	11.0	10.0	3.5	1.4	1.3	0.5
MFDS	0	0	0	0	0	0.2	5.1	0.8	5.4
MLDS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8.4	18.9
TBBG^b	0	0	0	0	17.4	10.9	1.7	0	0.2
TBBJ	0.6	2.1	11.5	61.6	48.0	6.1	3.4	0	0.2
TDBG^b	0	0	0	0	0.4	46.7	50.1	54.3	23.1
TDBJ^b	0.3	0	0	0	0.7	9.1	16.7	16.5	23.6
TGBJ	22.4	50.0	27.4	4.1	3.9	0.8	0	0	0.2
THBJ	5.6	18.5	1.7	0	0	0	0	0	0
others	15.1	10.2	26.1	13.7	19.6	22.9	21.6	18.7	27.9
^aVirulence phenotype determined according to Long & Kolmer (1989). Samples from Manitoba and Saskatchewan make up the majority of the samples in each of the years.
^bThese virulence phenotypes were avirulent to LrCen (TDBJ varies for LrCen virulence), all other virulence phenotypes were virulent to LrCen.
^cData from McCallum & Seto-Goh (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 a, 2006 b, 2008, 2009 b) and McCallum et al. (2010).

Figure 1. Frequency of virulence (%) from 2000–2007 in the Manitoba and Saskatchewan population of P. triticina to near-isogenic lines containing Lr2a, Lr14a, Lr16, Lr17 or Lr24. ^a

Table 3. Frequencies of virulence of Puccinia triticina in Canada in 2007 to lines of wheat with single Lr genes for leaf rust resistance

	AB ^a		MB+SK		ON		QC		PEI		Canada
Gene	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Lr1	13	100	302	100	71	100	10	100	11	100	407	100.0
Lr2a	9	69.2	184	60.9	10	14.1	3	30	2	18.2	208	51.1
Lr2c	9	69.2	184	60.9	10	14.1	4	40	2	18.2	209	51.4
Lr3	13	100	302	100	71	100	10	100	11	100	407	100.0
Lr9	4	30.8	63	20.9	6	8.5	6	60	0	0	79	19.4
Lr16	0	0	2	0.7	0	0	0	0	4	36.4	6	1.5
Lr24	8	61.5	230	76.2	44	62	1	10	4	36.4	287	70.5
Lr26	0	0	26	8.6	32	45.1	1	10	8	72.7	67	16.5
Lr3ka	0	0	54	17.9	27	38	3	30	7	63.6	91	22.4
Lr11	0	0	1	0.3	18	25.4	2	20	4	36.4	25	6.1
Lr17	4	30.8	119	39.4	57	80.3	7	70	6	54.5	193	47.4
Lr30	0	0	43	14.2	27	38	2	20	3	27.3	75	18.4
LrB	5	38.5	120	39.7	57	80.3	7	70	7	63.6	196	48.2
Lr10	13	100	301	99.7	62	87.3	10	100	11	100	397	97.5
Lr14a	8	61.5	212	70.2	67	94.4	9	90	7	63.6	303	74.4
Lr18	0	0	0	0	2	2.8	2	20	2	18.2	6	1.5
Total	13		302		71		10		11		407
^aAB = Alberta, MB = Manitoba, SK = Saskatchewan, ON = Ontario, QC = Quebec and PEI = Prince Edward Island.

Table 4. Infection types of 47 representative isolates from Canada in 2008 tested on near isogenic lines of ‘Thatcher’ with adult-plant resistance genes and additional seedling resistance genes

Isolate Number	Virulence Phenotype^a	Province^b	Lr12 ^c	Lr35	Lr37	Lr3bg	Lr14b	Lr20	Lr23	Lr28
266-2	MBGJ	PEI	3+ ^d	;1=	;1=	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+
202-1	MBPS	ON	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;
194-1	MBTN	ON	;1−	2+	3+	3+	3+	3+	1−	;
74-1	MBTS	MB+SK	3+	3	3+	3+	3+	3+	1−2−	0
250-2	MCDS	QC	3+	2+	3+	3+	3+	3+	11−	;
204-2	MCPS	ON	3+	2	1−	3+	X	3+	1+−	;1=
239-2	MCTN	ON	3	3+	3	3+	3+	3+	; 1 − 1 =	;1=1−
194-3	MCTP	ON	3+	3−	3+	3+	3+	3+	1−	;
191-2	MDDS	ON	3+	;1=	3+	3+	3+	3+	2	;
238-1	MDDS	ON	3	;1−	1−	3+	X	3+	1+−	;1=
8-1	MDNS	MB+SK	3+	;1=	3+	3+	3+	3+	2−	;
210-2	MDTS	ON	3+	;1−	3+	3+	3+	3+	;11−	;
189-1	MFDS	ON	3	;1=	3+	3+	3+	3+	1+−	;
200-1	MFDS	ON	3+	;1−	22−	3+	3+	3+	1−2−	;
262-3	MFDS	PEI	3	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	1−2−	;
190-1	MFGJ	ON	1−	;	;1=	1−	3+	3+	1−2−	3+
262-2	MFGJ	PEI	1−	;1=	;	1−	3+	3+	3+	3+
88-1	MFNS	MB+SK	3+	;1=	3+	3+	3	3+	2−	;
40-1	MFPS	MB+SK	3+	;	3+	3+	3+	3+	11−	;
264-1	MFPS	PEI	3+	2−	3+	3+	3+	3+	1	;
198-1	MFRS	ON	33+	;	3+	3+	3+	3+	1−2−	;
262-1	MGNQ	PEI	3	2	3−	3+	3+	3+	1−	;
263-2	MHNQ	PEI	2	1−	2	3+	3+	3+	1−2−	;
145-1	MLDS	MB+SK	3+	2−2=	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;1+
177-2	MLDS	AB	3+	2−	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;
201-1	MLDS	ON	3+	;2−	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;
258-1	MLDS	QC	3+	2	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;
248-2	PBLR	QC	3+	;	;	;1=22−	3+	3+	3+	3+
188-2	TBDG	ON	3	;	;	3+	;1=	3+	3+	3+
222-2	TBPJ	ON	1−	;	;	3+	3+	3+	2+	3+
199-2	TBRK	ON	1	;	;	1−	3+	3+	2−	3+
264-3	TBRK	PEI	3+	;1=	;1=	3+	3+	3+	3	3+
264-2	TCRT	PEI	2−	;1=	;	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+
5-1	TDBB ^e	MB+SK	3+	;1=	3+	X	3+	X−	3+	3+
16-2	TDBG ^e	MB+SK	3+	;	3+	3+	3+	X	3+	3+
29-1	TDBG ^e	MB+SK	3+	;	3+	3+	3+	X−	2−	3+
132-1	TDBG ^e	MB+SK	3+	;1=	3+	X	3+	X	2+	3+
185-1	TDBG ^e	AB	3	;	3+	3+	3+	X−	3+	3+
185-2	TDBG ^e	AB	3+	;1=	3+	2−	3+	;	3+	3+
196-2	TDBG ^e	ON	3+	;	3+	3+	3+	;1=	2−	3+
21-1	TDBJ	MB+SK	3+	;1−2=	3+	2+2=	3+	3+	3+	3+
184-1	TDBJ	AB	3+	;	3+	2+	3+	3+	2−	3+
188-1	TDBJ	ON	3+	;1=	3+	2+−	;3+−	3+	33+	3+
169-2	TGBJ	MB+SK	3+	;	3+	2+−	3+	3+	3+	3+
49-2	TJBG ^e	MB+SK	3+	;	3+	3+	3+	X−	3+	3+
51-1	TLDS	MB+SK	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;1=
250-3	TLGJ	QC	3+	;	;1−	3+	3+	3+	11−	3+
^aVirulence phenotype determined according to Long & Kolmer (1989).
^bAB = Alberta, QC = Quebec, ON = Ontario, MB+SK = Manitoba and Saskatchewan and PEI = Prince Edward Island.
^cResistance genes Lr12, Lr35, and Lr37 were assessed on adult plants whereas Lr3bg, Lr14b, Lr23 and Lr28 were assessed on seedling plants.
^dInfection phenotypes: ‘;’ small hypersensitive flecks, ‘1’ small uredinia surrounded by necrosis, ‘2’ moderate size uredinia surrounded by chlorosis, ‘3’ medium sized uredinia without chlorosis or necrosis, ‘4’ large uredinia without chlorosis, ‘+’ larger uredinia than typical for the infection type, ‘−’ smaller uredinia than typical for the infection type, ‘=‘ much smaller uredinia than typical for the infection type.
^eThese isolates were avirulent to LrCen and also Lr20, whereas all other isolates were virulent.

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