Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, in Canada in 2009

Figures & data

Table 1.  Frequency and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Puccinia triticina identified by infection types to selected resistance genes in Canada in 2009

		BC+AB^b		MB+SK		ON		QC		PEI		Canada
Virulence phenotype^a	Avirulence/virulence formula (Lr genes)	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
MBBJ	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,18 / 1,3,10,14a	2	17	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0.6
MBDS	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,3ka,11,30,18 / 1,3,17,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
MBPS	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,11,18 / 1,3,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	1	8.3	14	5.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	4.8
MCBS	2a,2c,9,16,24,3ka,11,17,30,18 / 1,3,26,B,10,14a	1	8.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
MCDS	2a,2c,9,16,24,3ka,11,30,18 / 1,3,26,17,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
MCGJ	2a,2c,9,16,24,3ka,17,30,B,18 / 1,3,26,11,10,14a	0	0	0	0	3	15	0	0	0	0	3	1.0
MCNQ	2a,2c,9,16,24,11,30,14a,18 / 1,3,26,3ka,17,B,10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	20	1	0.3
MCPS	2a,2c,9,16,24,11,18 / 1,3,26,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	25	0	0	1	0.3
MCQJ	2a,2c,9,16,24,17,30,B,18 / 1,3,26,3ka,11,10,14a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	40	2	0.6
MCQK	2a,2c,9,16,24,17,30,B / 1,3,26,3ka,11,10,14a,18	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	20	1	0.3
MCTN	2a,2c,9,16,24,10,18 / 1,3,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a	0	0	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
MDNS	2a,2c,9,16,26,11,30,18 / 1,3,24,3ka,17,B,10,14a	0	0	10	3.7	1	5	0	0	0	0	11	3.5
MDPS	2a,2c,9,16,26,11,18 / 1,3,24,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	1	8.3	3	1.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	1.3
MFDS	2a,2c,9,16,3ka,11,30,18 / 1,3,24,26,17,B,10,14a	0	0	2	0.7	1	5	0	0	0	0	3	1.0
MFNS	2a,2c,9,16,11,30,18 / 1,3,24,26,3ka,17,B,10,14a	0	0	10	3.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	3.2
MFPJ	2a,2c,9,16,11,B,18 / 1,3,24,26,3ka,17,30,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
MFPS	2a,2c,9,16,11,18 / 1,3,24,26,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	0	0	14	5.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	14	4.5
MHNQ	2a,2c,9,24,11,30,14a,18 / 1,3,16,26,3ka,17,B,10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	20	1	0.3
MJDS	2a,2c,9,26,3ka,11,30,18 / 1,3,16,24,17,B,10,14a	0	0	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
MLDS	2a,2c,16,24,26,3ka,11,30,18 / 1,3,9,17,B,10,14a	1	8.3	63	23	0	0	0	0	0	0	64	20.6
MNDS	2a,2c,16,26,3ka,11,30,18 / 1,3,9,24,17,B,10,14a	0	0	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
NBBT	2a,3,9,16,24,26,3ka,11,17,30 / 1,2c,B,10,14a,18	1	8.3	0	0	2	10	0	0	0	0	3	1.0
PBDG	2a,9,16,24,26,3ka,11,30,B,14a,18 / 1,2c,3,17,10	0	0	2	0.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0.6
PBDQ	2a,9,16,24,26,3ka,11,30,14a,18 / 1,2c,3,17,B,10	0	0	3	1.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	1.0
TBBJ	9,16,24,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,10,14a	0	0	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
TBGJ	9,16,24,26,3ka,17,30,B,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,11,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
TBHK	9,16,24,26,3ka,17,B / 1,2a,2c,3,11,30,10,14a,18	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	25	0	0	1	0.3
TBJS	9,16,24,26,3ka,30,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,11,17,B,10,14a	0	0	2	0.7	0	0	1	25	0	0	3	1.0
TBPK	9,16,24,26,11,B / 1,2a,2c,3,3ka,17,30,10,14a,18	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	25	0	0	1	0.3
TBRK	9,16,24,26,17,B / 1,2a,2c,3,3ka,11,30,10,14a,18	0	0	0	0	4	20	0	0	0	0	4	1.3
TCRK	9,16,24,17,B / 1,2a,2c,3,26,3ka,11,30,10,14a,18	0	0	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
TDBG	9,16,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,24,10	0	0	49	18	0	0	0	0	0	0	49	15.8
TDBJ	9,16,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,24,10,14a	4	33	81	30	2	10	0	0	0	0	87	28.1
TFBG	9,16,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,24,26,10	0	0	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
TFBJ	9,16,3ka,11,17,30,B,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,24,26,10,14a	1	8.3	9	3.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	3.2
TFTS	9,16,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,24,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,10,14a	0	0	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
TMGJ	16,24,3ka,17,30,B,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,9,26,11,10,14a	0	0	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
TNBQ	16,26,3ka,11,17,30,14a,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,9,24,B,10	0	0	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
TNPS	16,26,11,18 / 1,2a,2c,3,9,24,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	0	0	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.3
Total		12		269		20		4		5		310
^aVirulence phenotype determined according to Long & Kolmer (1989).
^bBC = British Columbia, AB = Alberta, MB = Manitoba, SK = Saskatchewan, ON = Ontario, QC = Quebec, and PEI = Prince Edward Island.

Table 2.  Frequency (%) of predominant Puccinia triticina virulence phenotypes in Canada from 2000 to 2009

	Year of sampling
Virulence phenotype^a	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
KBBJ	0^c	0	0.4	9.6	0	0	0	0	0	0
MBDS	56.0	19.2	32.9	11.0	10.0	3.5	1.4	1.3	0.5	0.3
MFDS	0	0	0	0	0	0.2	5.1	0.8	5.4	1.0
MLDS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8.4	18.9	20.6
TBBG^b	0	0	0	0	17.4	10.9	1.7	0	0.2	0
TBBJ	0.6	2.1	11.5	61.6	48.0	6.1	3.4	0	0.2	0.3
TDBG^b	0	0	0	0	0.4	46.7	50.1	54.3	23.1	15.8
TDBJ^b	0.3	0	0	0	0.7	9.1	16.7	16.5	23.6	28.1
TGBJ	22.4	50.0	27.4	4.1	3.9	0.8	0	0	0.2	0
THBJ	5.6	18.5	1.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
others	15.1	10.2	26.1	13.7	19.6	22.9	21.6	18.7	27.9	33.9
^aVirulence phenotype determined according to Long & Kolmer (1989). Samples from Manitoba and Saskatchewan make up the majority of the samples in each of the years.
^bThese virulence phenotypes were avirulent to LrCen (TDBJ varies for LrCen virulence), all other virulence phenotypes were virulent to LrCen.
^cData from McCallum & Seto-Goh (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2008, 2009) and McCallum et al. (2010).

Table 3.  Frequencies of virulence of Puccinia triticina in Canada in 2009 to lines of wheat with single Lr genes for leaf rust resistance

	AB+BC		MB+SK		ON		QC		PEI		Canada
Resistance Gene	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Lr1	12	100	269	100	20	100	4	100	5	100	310	100.0
Lr2a	5	41.7	146	54.3	9	45	3	75	0	0	163	52.6
Lr2c	6	50	151	56.1	11	55	3	75	0	0	171	55.2
Lr3	11	91.7	269	100	18	90	4	100	5	100	307	99.0
Lr9	1	8.3	67	24.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	68	21.9
Lr16	0	0	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	20	2	0.6
Lr24	6	50	183	68	6	30	0	0	0	0	195	62.9
Lr26	2	16.7	37	13.8	9	45	1	25	5	100	54	17.4
Lr3ka	2	16.7	52	19.3	9	45	2	50	5	100	70	22.6
Lr11	0	0	3	1.1	11	55	2	50	3	60	19	6.1
Lr17	3	25	126	46.8	7	35	3	75	2	40	141	45.5
Lr30	2	16.7	32	11.9	8	40	3	75	0	0	45	14.5
LrB	5	41.7	125	46.5	8	40	2	50	2	40	142	45.8
Lr10	12	100	269	100	19	95	4	100	5	100	309	99.7
Lr14a	12	100	213	79.2	20	100	4	100	3	60	252	81.3
Lr18	1	8.3	0	0	7	35	2	50	1	20	11	3.5
Total	12		269		20		4		5		310
^aAB = Alberta, MB = Manitoba, SK = Saskatchewan, ON = Ontario, QC = Quebec, and PEI = Prince Edward Island.

Fig. 1. Frequency of virulence (%) from 2000–2009 in the Manitoba and Saskatchewan population of P. triticina to near-isogenic lines containing Lr2a, Lr14a, Lr16, Lr17 or Lr24.

Table 4.  Infection types of 52 representative isolates from Canada in 2009 tested on near isogenic lines of ‘Thatcher’ with adult-plant resistance genes and additional seedling resistance genes

Isolate number	Virulence phenotype^a	Province^b	Lr3bg^c	Lr20	Lr23	Lr28	LrCen	Lr12	Lr13	Lr37
169-4	MBBJ	BC	3+^d	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	1+	;
140-1	MBDS	ON	3+	3+	2+	;	3+	3+	3+	3+
104-2	MBPS	MB	3+	3+	2+	;	3+	3+	3+	3
168-2	MBPS	AB	3+	3+	2+	;	3+	3	3+	3+
169-1	MCBS	BC	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;1=	;
140-3	MCDS	ON	3+	3+	;1-	;	3+	3+	3+	3+
140-2	MCGJ	ON	3+	4	2+	4	3+	1+	3+	;1=
166-4	MCNQ	PEI	3+	3+	1-	0	3+	3+	3	3+
162-1	MCPS	QC	3+	3+	1-	;	3+	3+	3+	3+
165-1	MCQJ	PEI	1-	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;
165-3	MCQJ	PEI	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;1=
165-2	MCQK	PEI	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;1-
137-2	MCTN	ON	3+	;	2+	;	3+	3+	3+	2+3-
6-2	MDNS	MB	3+	3+	3	0	4	3+	3+	3+
10-1	MDNS	MB	3+	3+	2+	;	4	3+	3+	3+
113-1	MDNS	SK	3+	3+	2+	0	4	3+	3+	3+
134-2	MDNS	ON	3+	3+	3+	;	3+	3+	3+	3+
123-1	MDPS	SK	3+	3+	2+	;	4	3+	3+	3+
85-1	MFDS	MB	3+	3+	2-	;	3+	3+	3+	3+
8-1	MFNS	MB	3+	3+	2+	;	4	3+	3+	3+
137-3	MFPJ	ON	;1-2-	4	2+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;1=
77-2	MFPS	MB	3+	3+	1-	;	3+	3+	3+	3+
49-1	MJDS	MB	3+	3+	1-	;	3+	3+	3+	3+
7-1	MLDS	MB	3+	3+	3+	;	4	3+	3+	3+
164-2	MLDS	QC	3+	3+	3+	;	3+	3+	3+	3+
168-3	MLDS	AB	3+	3+	2+	;	3+	3+	3+	3+
89-2	MNDS	MB	3+	3+	3+	;	3+	3+	3+	3+
139-1	NBBT	ON	;	4	2+	4	4	;1=	;1=	;1=
169-3	NBBT	BC	;	3+	3+	3+	3+	;1=	;	;1=
124-1	PBDG	SK	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	2+	2+	;
121-1	PBDQ	SK	3+	3+	3+	3+	4	3+	3+	;1=
18-1	TBBJ	MB	3+	1-	3+	3+	4	3+	3+	2+
134-1	TBGJ	ON	2-	4	1+2+	4	3+	33+	3+	11=f
163-1	TBHK	QC	1-	4	2	3+	3+	3+	3+	;1=
116-2	TBJS	SK	3+	3+	1-2-	;	4	3+	3+	3+
164-4	TBJS	QC	3+	3+	1-	0	3+	3+	3+	3+
164-3	TBPK	QC	X	3+	2+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;1=
134-3	TBRK	ON	3+	3+	2+	3+	4	3+	3+	;1=
136-2	TBRK	ON	;1-	3+	3	3+	4	3+	3+	;
136-1	TCRK	ON	3+	3+	1-	3+	4	3+	3+	;1=
1-1	TDBG	MB	3+	;1=	3+	3+	X-	3+	3+	3+
125-1	TDBH	SK	3+	3+	3+	3+	4	3+	3+	3+
2-2	TDBJ	MB	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+
37-2	TDBJ	MB	3+	X	3+	3+	X	;1=	3+	3+
101-1	TDBJ	MB	3	X	3+	3+	X-	3+	3+	3
135-1	TDBJ	ON	1-2	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+
167-1	TDBJ	AB	;1-2-	3+	3+	3+	3+	2+	3+	3+
28-2	TFBG	MB	2+	X	2+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+
167-3	TFBJ	AB	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+
45-1	TMGJ	MB	X	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	3+	;
119-3	TNBQ	SK	3	X	3+	3+	X+	3+	3+	3+
118-2	TNPS	SK	2+	3+	3+	3+	4	3+	3+	;1=
^aVirulence phenotype determined according to Long & Kolmer (1989).
^bAB = Alberta, QC = Quebec, ON = Ontario, MB+SK = Manitoba and Saskatchewan, PEI = Prince Edward Island.
^cResistance genes Lr12, Lr13, and Lr37 were assessed on adult plants whereas Lr3bg, Lr20, Lr23, Lr28 and LrCen were assessed on seedling plants.
^dInfection phenotypes: ‘;’ small hypersensitive flecks, ‘1’ small uredinia surrounded by necrosis, ‘2’ moderate size uredinia surrounded by chlorosis, ‘3’ medium-sized uredinia without chlorosis or necrosis, ‘4’ large uredinia without chlorosis, ‘X’ mesothetic reaction with a range of uredinial types, ‘+’ larger uredinia than typical for the infection type, ‘-’ smaller uredinia than typical for the infection type, ‘=‘ much smaller uredinia than typical for the infection type.

Long , D.L. and Kolmer , J.A. 1989 . A North American system of nomenclature for Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici . Phytopathology , 79 : 525 – 529 .

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McCallum , B.D. , Seto-Goh , P. and Xue , A. 2010 . Physiological specialization of Puccinia triticina in Canada in 2007 . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 32 : 229 – 236 .

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