Comparison of macro-morphological and physiological methods for Monilinia species identification in Paraná State, Brazil

Figures & data

Fig. 1. Macro-morphological features for identification of Monilinia spp. isolates. Colonies after 10 days of incubation at 22 ºC and 12 h light regime on acidified potato dextrose agar. A, Monilinia laxa – isolate number 15. B, Monilinia fructicola – isolate number 50.C, Monilinia fructigena – isolate number 152. (1) upper colony surface, (2) underside of colony.

Table 1. Assignment of synoptic key letters to Monilinia isolates identification based in macro-morphological features.

Goups	Isolate reference	Colony colour^a	Growth rate^b	Sporulation^c	Concentric rings of spores^d	Lobed colony margin^e	Rosettes^f	Black arcs associated with rosettes^g	Identity based on synoptic key^h	Molecular identification^i (M. fructicola)
I	2	B	E	G	J	K	M	O	M. laxa	2
II	15	A	F	H	J	K	M	Q	M. laxa	15
III	37	A	F	G	J	K	M	O	M. laxa	37
IV	7	A	D	G	I	L	N	Q	M. fructigena	7
V	71, 152, 179	B	D	G	I	L	N	Q	M. fructigena	152
VI	84, 89	B	D	H	J	L	N	Q	M. fructicola
VII	3, 5, 10, 14, 16–18, 20, 23, 28, 31, 32, 35, 41, 46, 49, 54, 55, 61, 66, 77, 85, 86, 95, 101, 127, 128, 130, 131, 133, 136, 145,146, 154, 158, 159, 163,164, 174, 178, 180–185	B	D	G	J	L	N	Q	M. fructicola	101, 159
VIII	6, 9, 12, 13, 19, 44, 57, 59, 80, 94, 100, 103, 114, 115, 129, 134, 139, 140, 148, 157, 172, 173 e 175	A	D	G	J	L	N	Q	M. fructicola	100, 157
IX	11, 26 e 42	B	E	G	J	L	N	Q	M. fructicola
X	39, 56, 58, 63, 72, 78, 87, 88, 143	C	D	G	J	L	N	Q	M. fructicola
XI	50	C	E	H	J	L	N	Q	M. fructicola

Notes: ^aColony colour (A) grey, (B) yellow, (C) cream/white.

^bGrowth rate (D) fast [>80 mm], (E) medium [70–80 mm], (F) slow [<70 mm].

^cSporulation (G) abundant, (H) sparse.

^dConcentric rings of spore (I) present, (J) absent.

^eLobed colony margin (K) lobed, (L) smooth.

^fRosettes (M) present, (N) absent.

^gBlack arcs associated with rosettes (O) black, (P) brown, (Q) absent.

^hAccording to Lane (2002), modified.

ⁱPrimer reverse (MO368-5), primer forward (MO368-10R), according to Côté and Tardif et al. (2004).

Fig. 2. Growth interval and optimum growth temperature for Monilinia spp. separated in groups based on macro-morphological characteristics and on the cubic model adjusted. Mycelial growth was assessed after 4 days of growth at 10 °C, 15 ° C, 20 ° C, and 25 ° C with 12 h light regime. Arabic and Roman numerals indicate isolates and macro-morphological groups, respectively.

Fig. 3. Growth interval and optimum growth temperature for Monilinia spp. separated by isolates and based on the cubic model adjusted. Mycelial growth was assessed after 4 days of growth at 10 ° C, 15 ° C, 20 ° C, and 25 ° C with 12 h light regime. Arabic and Roman numerals indicate isolates and macro-morphological groups, respectively.

Fig. 4. Pathogenicity of Monilinia spp. isolate groups. Lesion growth was assessed after 4 days of incubation at 22 ° C with 12 h light regime. Different letters correspond to significant differences of means (P > 0.05) based on false discovery rate test.

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