Effect of soybean vein necrosis on yield and seed quality of soybean

Figures & data

Table 1. Details of field trials investigating yield loss from soybean vein necrosis (SVN) in six US states.

Location	Year	Sampling unit	Number of samples	Type of data collected	Statistical analysis
Alabama	2014	Plant	170	Symptoms^a, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	ANOVA^b
Delaware	2014	Plant	175	Disease incidence, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	Regression
Illinois	2013	Plant	40	Disease incidence, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	Regression
Indiana	2014	Plant	690	Symptoms, protein, oil, and fatty acids, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	ANOVA
Indiana (full season)	2015	Plant	50	Symptoms, protein, oil, and fatty acids, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	ANOVA
Indiana (double crop)	2015	Plant	130	Symptoms, protein, oil, and fatty acids, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	ANOVA
Iowa (Washington)	2013	Plot	10	Disease incidence, protein, oil, and fatty acids, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	Regression
Iowa (Ottumwa)	2013	Plot	24	Disease incidence, protein, oil, and fatty acids, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	Regression
Iowa (Stockport)	2013	Plot	20	Disease incidence, protein, oil, and fatty acids, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	Regression
Iowa	2014	Plant	50	Symptoms, oil, and fatty acids, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	ANOVA
Wisconsin	2013	Plant	200	Symptoms, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	ANOVA
Wisconsin	2014	Plant	100	Symptoms, yield, 100-seed weight, seeds/pod, pods/plant	ANOVA

^aPlants in treatments were rated as symptomatic for soybean vein necrosis (SVN) or asymptomatic.

^bAnalysis of variance conducted on categorical data.

Table 2. Yield and yield component data for Wisconsin in 2013, Alabama, Indiana, Iowa and Wisconsin in 2014, and Indiana in 2015 where soybean vein necrosis (SVN) symptomatic or asymptomatic plants were hand-harvested.

Component	State	Year	Asymptomatic	Symptomatic	P-value
Yield/plant (g)	Wisconsin	2013	20.90	24.40	0.06
	Alabama	2014	17.20	21.70	0.17
	Indiana	2014	21.02	22.42	0.01
	Iowa	2014	20.11	20.42	0.84
	Wisconsin	2014	27.10	30.20	0.26
	Indiana-Full season	2015	20.15	17.87	0.43
	Indiana-Double crop	2015	16.49	16.74	0.92
100-seed weight (g)	Wisconsin	2013	15.83	16.72	0.04
	Alabama	2014	16.10	17.40	0.03
	Indiana	2014	-^a	-	-
	Iowa	2014	17.24	18.03	0.12
	Wisconsin	2014	-	-	-
	Indiana-Full season	2015	13.78	13.39	0.34
	Indiana-Double crop	2015	15.83	16.72	0.04
Seeds per pod	Wisconsin	2013	2.33	2.27	0.31
	Alabama	2014	-	-	-
	Indiana	2014	-	-	-
	Iowa	2014	2.50	2.50	0.91
	Wisconsin	2014	-	-	-
	Indiana-Full season	2015	2.54	2.48	0.36
	Indiana-Double crop	2015	2.33	2.27	0.31
Pods per plant	Wisconsin	2013	49.70	56.70	0.08
	Alabama	2014	53.40	69.40	0.04
	Indiana	2014	-	-	-
	Iowa	2014	46.93	45.93	0.78
	Wisconsin	2014	57.60	64.20	0.26
	Indiana-Full season	2015	57.40	51.40	0.38
	Indiana-Double crop	2015	45.85	44.50	0.83

^aA ‘-’ indicates this component was not measured for this state in 2014.

Table 3. Linear regression values for yield and yield components for plants with differing levels of soybean vein necrosis (SVN) in Delaware, Illinois and Iowa in 2013, 2014 and 2015.

Yield component	Year	State (location)	Intercept	Slope	R^2	P-value
Yield^a.	2014	Delaware	-^b.	-	-	-
	2013	Illinois	16.64	−0.05	0.02	0.40
	2013	Iowa (Washington)	1804.62	−71.92	0.25	0.14
	2013	Iowa (Ottumwa)	1601.27	−21.55	0.04	0.37
	2013	Iowa (Stockport)	2389.75	+182.00	0.65	<0.01
100-seed weight (g)	2014	Delaware	11.41	+0.09	0.21	<0.01
	2013	Illinois	16.47	−0.01	<0.01	0.66
	2013	Iowa (Washington)	15.24	+0.08	0.07	0.47
	2013	Iowa (Ottumwa)	13.18	−0.10	0.04	0.11
	2013	Iowa (Stockport)	16.31	−0.15	0.08	0.25
Seeds/pod	2014	Delaware	2.59	−0.01	<0.01	0.43
	2013	Illinois	2.54	−0.01	<0.01	0.38
	2013	Iowa (Washington)	-	-	-	-
	2013	Iowa (Ottumwa)	-	-	-	-
	2013	Iowa (Stockport)	-	-	-	-
Pods/plant	2014	Delaware	44.77	0.13	0.01	0.12
	2013	Illinois	40.57	+0.12	0.03	0.27
	2013	Iowa (Washington)	-	-	-	-
	2013	Iowa (Ottumwa)	-	-	-	-
	2013	Iowa (Stockport)	-	-	-	-

^aDelaware and Illinois yield is measured in grammes per plant and Iowa is measured in kilogrammes per hectare.

^bA ‘-’ indicates this component was not measured for this state.

Table 4. Linear regression data for protein, oil and palmitic, linolenic, steric, oleic and linoleic fatty acid content of soybean seed hand-harvested from three Iowa locations in 2013 that had differing levels of soybean vein necrosis (SVN).

Iowa Location	Product per cent	Intercept	Slope	R^2	P-value
Washington	Protein	32.51	+0.13	0.29	0.11
	Oil	21.85	−0.09	0.26	0.13
	Palmitic acid	8.78	+0.20	0.52	0.02
	Linolenic acid	5.81	+0.01	<0.01	0.92
	Steric acid	4.47	−0.01	0.02	0.73
	Oleic acid	29.14	−0.40	0.11	0.36
	Linoleic acid	51.69	+0.21	0.05	0.53
Stockport	Protein	36.01	−0.19	0.13	0.13
	Oil	19.86	+0.09	0.05	0.37
	Palmitic acid	10.49	−0.04	0.04	0.43
	Linolenic acid	5.54	+0.01	<0.01	0.87
	Steric acid	5.03	−0.02	0.01	0.65
	Oleic acid	26.29	+0.53	0.15	0.12
	Linoleic acid	52.41	−0.58	0.17	0.08
Ottumwa	Protein	33.91	+0.04	0.02	0.53
	Oil	22.00	−0.11	0.18	0.04
	Palmitic acid	10.51	−0.11	0.16	0.06
	Linolenic acid	5.73	+0.01	<0.01	0.87
	Steric acid	5.92	−0.01	<0.01	0.83
	Oleic acid	25.39	+0.04	<0.01	0.82
	Linoleic acid	52.21	+0.01	<0.01	0.94

Table 5. Protein, oil and palmitic, linolenic, steric, oleic and linoleic fatty acids content of soybean seed hand-harvested from plants either symptomatic or asymptomatic for soybean vein necrosis (SVN) in Iowa 2014, and Indiana in 2014 and 2015. Protein and oil values presented are percentages of seed composition, while individual oil types are represented as percentage of total oil content.

Location/year/field	Product	Asymptomatic (%)	Symptomatic (%)	P-value
Iowa 2014	Palmitic	12.51	12.97	<0.01
	Stearic	3.87	3.72	0.01
	Oleic	20.37	19.97	0.36
	Linoleic	55.20	55.68	0.19
	Linolenic	7.97	7.49	0.02
Indiana 2014	Protein	38.94	38.99	0.74
	Oil	21.32	21.16	0.04
	Palmitic	12.19	11.85	0.04
	Stearic	4.41	4.34	0.06
	Oleic	15.82	16.14	0.37
	Linoleic	54.36	54.88	0.16
	Linolenic	11.23	10.89	0.08
Indiana 2015 Full season	Protein	40.21	40.57	0.45
	Oil	40.33	40.36	0.87
	Palmitic	11.91	13.35	0.01
	Stearic	4.60	4.82	0.08
	Oleic	16.34	16.74	0.68
	Linoleic	56.38	53.34	0.01
	Linolenic	8.57	10.17	0.04
Indiana 2015 Double crop	Protein	38.59	39.67	0.01
	Oil	20.46	19.79	<0.01
	Palmitic	12.87	12.43	0.12
	Stearic	4.74	4.64	0.19
	Oleic	16.69	16.68	0.99
	Linoleic	54.39	54.91	0.44
	Linolenic	10.06	9.91	0.69