Survival of the bean anthracnose fungus (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) on crop debris in Canada

Figures & data

Table 1. Mean monthly average temperatures (°C) and precipitation (mm) at Morden, MB and London, ON (Exeter region) during the time periods of the anthracnose survival study.

		Morden								London
	Season	2007	2008	2009	2010	2015	2016	2017	LTA	2007	2008	2009	2010	2015	2016	2017	LTA
Temp.	Jan	-	−15	−18	−13	-	−12	−11	−16	-	−3	−9	−6	-	−4	−2	−6
	Feb	-	−15	−14	−13	-	−8	−8	−12	-	−6	−4	−5	-	−3	0	−6
	Mar	-	−6	−8	−1	-	0	−5	−5	-	−2	1	4	-	4	0	−1
	Apr	-	3	3	9	-	3	6	5	-	9	8	10	-	6	10	6
	May	-	9	9	11	-	15	12	13	-	11	13	15	-	14	12	13
	June	-	16	15	17	-	18	18	18	-	19	18	19	-	18	19	18
	July	-	18	17	21	-	22	21	20	-	21	18	22	-	22	21	20
	Aug	-	19	18	20	-	20	19	19	-	19	20	22	-	22	19	20
	Sept	-	13	17	13	-	15	15	13	-	17	16	16	-	18	17	15
	Oct	-	6	3	2	-	7	7	6	-	9	8	10	-	11	13	9
	Nov	−4	−4	2	-	0	4	-	−4	7	2	6	-	7	6	-	3
	Dec	−14	−18	−15	-	−6	−12	-	−13	3	−4	−3	-	3	−3	-	−3
Precip.	Jan	-	20	13	14	-	6	18	21	-	94	44	37	-	50	80	75
	Feb	-	11	22	14	-	8	13	19	-	131	87	33	-	77	71	60
	Mar	-	9	26	7	-	17	14	25	-	89	89	35	-	142	86	78
	Apr	-	19	22	43	-	56	8	39	-	58	137	76	-	49	113	82
	May	-	32	54	133	-	67	22	65	-	89	104	114	-	31	133	83
	June	-	155	73	53	-	128	65	85	-	71	92	133	-	63	68	84
	July	-	33	57	103	-	109	38	74	-	75	76	110	-	91	50	82
	Aug	-	49	37	77	-	67	37	70	-	60	95	40	-	170	42	82
	Sep	-	91	107	72	-	90	71	53	-	62	41	108	-	70	32	96
	Oct	-	61	33	66	-	28	5	43	-	75	76	88	-	50	85	81
	Nov	12	29	0	-	16	33	-	26	58	130	27	-	58	55	-	93
	Dec	40	23	39	-	23	41	-	21	68	133	65	-	82	82	-	88

LTA = Long-term Average (1968–1998).

Table 2. Average incidence of infection (%) on plants of the bean cultivar AC Pintoba following exposure to inoculum of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum on pod, seed and stem samples over 2-year periods beginning in 2007, 2009, and 2015 at Morden, MB and Exeter, ON.

	Placement		Surface									Buried
	Plant part		Pod			Seed			Stem			Pod			Seed			Stem
Province	Year	Season	n	p	(%)	n	p	(%)	n	p	(%)	n	p	(%)	n	p	(%)	n	p	(%)
Manitoba	Yr1	winter	33	32	97	33	10	30	36	33	92	33	31	94	36	10	28	36	16	44
		spring	33	28	85	33	8	24	36	20	56	33	17	52	36	5	14	30	9	30
		summer	36	30	83	36	24	67	36	23	64	15	3	20	15	4	27	27	6	22
		autumn	36	22	61	30	12	40	36	23	64	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	33	4	12
	Yr2	winter	24	12	50	24	2	8	24	12	50	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	24	0	0
		spring	18	14	78	24	1	4	24	12	50	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	18	1	6
		summer	15	0	0	21	0	0	18	1	6	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	18	0	0
		autumn	12	0	0	12	0	0	12	0	0	3	0	0	ns	ns	ns	12	0	0
Ontario	Yr1	winter	36	33	92	30	5	17	33	30	91	36	21	58	33	7	21	36	23	64
		spring	30	27	90	36	11	31	36	34	94	36	15	42	36	1	3	33	19	58
		summer	36	12	33	24	1	4	36	18	50	30	3	10	24	4	17	36	5	14
		autumn	33	0	0	21	0	0	36	0	0	12	0	0	3	0	0	36	0	0
	Yr2	winter	21	0	0	12	0	0	24	0	0	9	0	0	ns	ns	ns	21	0	0
		spring	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
		summer	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
		autumn	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Determined from bagged plant (pod, seed, stem) samples over two years following the dry bean crop in 2007, 2009 and 2015 at Morden, MB, and Exeter, ON, where n = total number of samples recovered, p = number of positive samples and ns = sample material not found.

Table 3. Anthracnose incidence and severity ratings (%), seed discolouration and yield in three crop rotations at Morden in the third year of the rotations (2008).

Rotation^Z	Incidence out of 20^Y	Severity in the crop canopy (%)				Pod^X Infection (%)	Seed^X discolouration (%)	Yield^X (kg ha^−1)
		1st rating	2nd rating	3rd rating	4th^X rating
BBB	19	6	6	8	12a	14a	14a	1230b
BFB	1	1	1	1	4b	9b	7b	2250a
BWB	1	0	0	0	2b	3c	3b	2130a
LSD (0.05)^X					4	5	6	102

^ZAbbreviations for rotation crops: B = Bean, F = Fallow and W = Wheat.

^YBased on initial observations that were made on 20 plants per plot on 7 August 2008.

^XMeans followed by different letters within a column are significantly different as determined by the LSD (5%) procedure.