Physiological specialization of Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, in Canada in 2013

Figures & data

Table 1. Frequency and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Puccinia triticina identified in 2013 by infection types to selected resistance genes.

Virulence	Avirulence/virulence	MB+SK^b		ON		PEI		Canada
Phenotype^a	formula (Lr genes)	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
LCDN	2a,2c,3,9,16,24,3ka,11,30,10,18/1,26,17,B,14a	0	0	2	10.5	0	0	2	0.8
MBDS	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,3ka,11,30,18/1,3,17,B,10,14a	31	13.1	0	0	0	0	31	11.7
MBFS	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,3ka,11,18/1,3,17,30,B,10,14a	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.4
MBNQ	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,11,30,14a,18/1,3,3ka,17,B,10	0	0	0	0	3	30	3	1.1
MBPN	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,11,10,18/1,3,3ka,17,30,B,14a	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.4
MBPS	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,11,18/1,3,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	10	4.2	0	0	1	10	11	4.2
MBRJ	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,17,B,18/1,3,3ka,11,30,10,14a	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.4
MBTN	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,10,18/1,3,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a	8	3.4	14	73.7	0	0	22	8.3
MBTS	2a,2c,9,16,24,26,18/1,3,3ka,11,17,30,B,10,14a	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.4
MCDS	2a,2c,9,16,24,3ka,11,30,18/1,3,26,17,B,10,14a	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.4
MCNQ	2a,2c,9,16,24,11,30,14a,18/1,3,26,3ka,17,B,10	0	0	0	0	2	20	2	0.8
MCPQ	2a,2c,9,16,24,11,14a,18/1,3,26,3ka,17,30,B,10	0	0	0	0	1	10	1	0.4
MCTQ	2a,2c,9,16,24,14a,18/1,3,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,10	0	0	0	0	1	10	1	0.4
MDDS	2a,2c,9,16,26,3ka,11,30,18/1,3,24,17,B,10,14a	13	5.5	0	0	0	0	13	4.9
MDNS	2a,2c,9,16,26,11,30,18/1,3,24,3ka,17,B,10,14a	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.4
MDPS	2a,2c,9,16,26,11,18/1,3,24,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	12	5.1	0	0	0	0	12	4.5
MFDS	2a,2c,9,16,3ka,11,30,18/1,3,24,26,17,B,10,14a	2	0.8	0	0	0	0	2	0.8
MFNS	2a,2c,9,16,11,30,18/1,3,24,26,3ka,17,B,10,14a	2	0.8	0	0	0	0	2	0.8
MFPS	2a,2c,9,16,11,18/1,3,24,26,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	14	5.9	0	0	0	0	14	5.3
MGPS	2a,2c,9,24,26,11,18/1,3,16,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	0	0	2	10.5	0	0	2	0.8
MLDS	2a,2c,16,24,26,3ka,11,30,18/1,3,9,17,B,10,14a	20	8.5	0	0	0	0	20	7.5
MLNS	2a,2c,16,24,26,11,30,18/1,3,9,3ka,17,B,10,14a	2	0.8	0	0	0	0	2	0.8
MLPS	2a,2c,16,24,26,11,18/1,3,9,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	6	2.5	0	0	0	0	6	2.3
MLTS	2a,2c,16,24,26,18/1,3,9,3ka,11,17,30,B,10,14a	2	0.8	0	0	0	0	2	0.8
MMPS	2a,2c,16,24,11,18/1,3,9,26,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	5	2.1	0	0	0	0	5	1.9
MPPS	2a,2c,16,11,18/1,3,9,24,26,3ka,17,30,B,10,14a	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.4
PBJQ	2a,9,16,24,26,3ka,30,14a,18/1,2c,3,11,17,B,10	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.4
PCQQ	2a,9,16,24,17,30,14a,18/1,2c,3,26,3ka,11,B,10	0	0	0	0	1	10	1	0.4
TBBG^cd	9,16,24,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a,18/1,2a,2c,3,10	30	12.7	0	0	0	0	30	11.3
TBBJ^d	9,16,24,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,10,14a	4	1.7	0	0	0	0	4	1.5
TBPK	9,16,24,26,11,B/1,2a,2c,3,3ka,17,30,10,14a,18	0	0	0	0	1	10	1	0.4
TCRJ	9,16,24,17,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,26,3ka,11,30,10,14a	0	0	1	5.3	0	0	1	0.4
TDBG^c	9,16,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a,18/1,2a,2c,3,24,10	5	2.1	0	0	0	0	5	1.9
TDBJ^c^,^d	9,16,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,24,10,14a	18	7.6	0	0	0	0	18	6.8
TDGJ	9,16,26,3ka,17,30,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,24,11,10,14a	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.4
TLBG^c	16,24,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a,18/1,2a,2c,3,9,10	15	6.4	0	0	0	0	15	5.7
TNBG^c	16,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,14a,18/1,2a,2c,3,9,24,10	27	11.4	0	0	0	0	27	10.2
TNBJ	16,26,3ka,11,17,30,B,18/1,2a,2c,3,9,24,10,14a	1	0.4	0	0	0	0	1	0.4
Total		236		19		10		265

^aVirulence phenotype determined in 2013 by infection types for the Canadian standard differential set and letter coded according to Long and Kolmer (1989).

^bMB+SK = Manitoba and Saskatchewan, ON = Ontario, and PEI = Prince Edward Island.

^cThese virulence phenotypes had some isolates avirulent to LrCen, all other virulence phenotypes were virulent to LrCen.

^dSome isolates of these virulence phenotypes were virulent to Lr21, all other virulence phenotypes were avirulent to Lr21.

Table 2. Frequency (%) of predominant Puccinia triticina virulence phenotypes in Canada from 2001 to 2013.

Virulence	Year
Phenotype^a	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
MBDS	19.2	32.9	11.0	10.0	3.5	1.4	1.3	0.5	0.3	0	1.4	6.4	11.7
MBTN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.0	0	2.8	4.2	4.3	8.3
MDDS	0	0	0	0	0.2	1.4	1.0	1.0	0.0	1.8	0.7	3.9	4.9
MFDS	0	0	0	0	0.2	5.1	0.8	5.4	1.0	0.5	0.7	0	0.8
MFPS	0	0	0	0	5.7	4.8	3.9	4.9	4.5	3.5	6.3	3.0	5.3
MLDS	0	0	0	0	0	0	8.4	18.9	20.6	26.1	7.7	2.6	7.5
TBBG	0	0	0	17.4	10.9	1.7	0	0.2	0	4.5	7.3	18.9	11.3
TBBJ	2.1	11.9	71.2	48.0	6.1	3.4	0	0.2	0.3	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.5
TBRK	0	0	1.0	0.3	0	0	0	0.5	1.3	0.8	1.0	6.0	0
TDBG	0	0	0	0.4	46.7	50.1	54.3	23.1	15.8	11.8	10.5	2.6	1.9
TDBJ	0	0	0	0.7	9.1	16.7	16.5	23.6	28.1	22.8	12.5	7.7	6.8
TGBJ	50.0	27.4	4.1	3.9	0.8	0	0	0.2	0	0	0	0	0
THBJ	18.5	1.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
TLBG	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.3	0.9	5.7
TNBG	0	0	0	0	0	0.3	0	0	0	1.0	2.1	15.0	10.2
others	10.2	26.1	12.7	19.3	16.8	15.1	13.8	20.5	28.1	23.1	44.2	27.8	24.1

^aVirulence phenotype determined according to Long and Kolmer (1989). Samples from Manitoba and Saskatchewan make up the majority of the samples in each of the years.

^bData from McCallum and Seto-Goh (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2008, 2009) and McCallum et al. (2010, 2011, 2013, 2016b, 2017, 2018).

Table 3. Frequencies of virulence of Puccinia triticina in Canada in 2013 and 2012 to lines of wheat with single Lr genes for leaf rust resistance.

	MB+SK^a		ON		PEI		Canada		Canada
Resistance	2013		2013		2013		2013		2012
gene	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	%
Lr1	236	100	19	100	10	100	265	100.0	100
Lr2a	101	42.8	1	5.3	1	10	103	38.9	61.4
Lr2c	102	43.2	1	5.3	2	20	105	39.6	65.7
Lr3	236	100	17	89.5	10	100	263	99.2	100.0
Lr9	79	33.5	0	0	0	0	79	29.8	19.7
Lr16	0	0	2	10.5	0	0	2	0.8	3.4
Lr24	97	41.1	0	0	0	0	97	36.6	42.5
Lr26	25	10.6	3	15.8	5	50	33	12.5	9.0
Lr3ka	66	28	17	89.5	10	100	93	35.1	27.5
Lr11	14	5.9	15	78.9	2	20	31	11.7	16.7
Lr17	134	56.8	18	94.7	9	90	161	60.8	39.9
Lr30	62	26.3	17	89.5	4	40	83	31.3	21.9
LrB	134	56.8	18	94.7	9	90	161	60.8	40.3
Lr10	227	96.2	3	15.8	10	100	240	90.6	94.0
Lr14a	158	66.9	19	100	2	20	179	67.5	54.9
Lr18	0	0	0	0	1	10	1	0.4	9.4
Lr21	25	10.6	0	0	0	0	25	9.4	7.7
LrCen	78	66.9	19	100	10	100	187	70.6	58.4
Total	236		19		10		265

^aMB+SK = Manitoba and Saskatchewan, ON = Ontario, and PEI = Prince Edward Island.

Fig. 1 Frequency of virulence (%) from 2000–2013^a in the Manitoba and Saskatchewan population of Puccinia triticina to near-isogenic lines containing Lr2a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr17 or Lr21.

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