Assessment of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol derivatives in Fusarium graminearum-inoculated Canadian maize inbreds

Figures & data

Fig. 1 Total ion chromatogram (TIC) and extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) (left panel) and HR-mass spectra (right panel) of DON, DON-3G and 15-ADON standards (a) and a representative extract from a CO449 kernel sample (b).

Table 1. Estimates of variance components, heritability and mean performance of inbred lines for ERK, DON, DON-3G and molar ratio of DON-3G:DON combined over two field test years (2015–2016).

Source of variation	ERK†	DON	DON-3G	DON-3G:DON
Genotype	0.81***	16 625.85***	33.29***	6.27*
Genotype by Environment	0.13***	5021.14**	6.17	4.61*
Error	0.28	31 418.76	150.50	50.05
Grand Mean	5.45	288.26	19.58	7.04
LSD	0.53	129.27	6.80	3.67
Heritability	0.92	0.76	0.68	0.49

*, **, *** Significant at 0.05, 0.01, 0.001 probability levels, respectively

† Combined analysis for ERK (ear rot kernel disease rating) is from three years of field trials (2014–2016)

Fig. 2 DON-3G:DON molar ratio and concentrations of DON (a) and DON-3G (b) in manually inoculated maize kernels (2015 and 2016 combined, n = 12). Maize inbreds are ordered by Gibberella ear rot (GER) disease severity, from low to high (left to right). Left axis: average DON or DON-3G (mg kg⁻¹); Right axis: DON-3G:DON % molar ratio. Error bars represent standard deviation.

Table 2. Comparing DON and modified DON content in the most Gibberella ear rot-susceptible and resistant inbreds via kernel inoculation. The ERK (ear rot kernel) disease rating is based on a visual rating scale ranging from 1 (no visible infection) to 7 (heavily infected).

Most resistant inbreds (ERK disease rating)	DON (mg kg^−1)	DON-3G (mg kg^−1)	15-ADON (mg kg^−1)	DON-3G:DON % molar ratio
CO430 (3.39)	71.74 ± 17.00	13.69 ± 2.68	3.55 ± 1.15	19.69 ± 6.34
CO449 (3.48)	144.16 ± 41.76	21.55 ± 3.85	1.03 ± 0.46	13.93 ± 1.76
CO433 (3.68)	76.91 ± 34.78	7.31 ± 2.44	2.13 ± 1.33	10.97 ± 5.15
Most susceptible inbreds
CO453 (6.77)	564.06 ± 82.54	30.29 ± 6.81	0.25 ± 0.03	5.45 ± 1.97
CO272 (6.74)	562.81 ± 71.87	38.10 ± 4.77	1.77 ± 0.55	5.36 ± 0.86
CO420 (6.64)	476.77 ± 70.81	24.51 ± 3.87	1.97 ± 0.93	3.73 ± 0.44
% Reduction	DON	DON-3G	Total DON^a
CO430 vs CO453	87%	55%	85%
CO449 vs CO272	74%	43%	72%
CO433 vs CO420	83%	70%	83%

^aTotal DON = DON + DON-3G + 15-ADON

Fig. 3 Linear relationships of Gibberella ear rot kernel (ERK) disease rating with DON content (a), ERK disease rating with DON-3G content (b), ERK disease rating with DON-3G:DON molar ratio (c), DON-3G content with DON-3G:DON molar ratio (d), DON content with DON-3G:DON molar ratio (e), and DON-3G with DON content (f) in kernels of manually inoculated maize inbred ears. Mean values for each inbred are represented by open triangles for the three most Gibberella ear rot-tolerant inbreds, open squares for the three most susceptible inbreds and black circles for the remaining inbreds.