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Soilborne Diseases / Maladies Telluriques

Characterization of Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes from western Canada in 2019–2020

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Pages 475-484 | Accepted 07 May 2023, Published online: 26 May 2023
 

Abstract

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a major soilborne disease of canola (Brassica napus) on the Canadian Prairies. Most canola cultivars carry what is now referred to as ‘first-generation’ resistance, which represents the most widely used clubroot management tool. Unfortunately, new pathotypes of P. brassicae have emerged that can overcome this resistance. By 2018, 36 unique pathotypes of P. brassicae had been identified on the Prairies based on their virulence on the Canadian Clubroot Differential (CCD) set, with pathotypes 3A, 3D and 3 H being predominant. Since the virulence of P. brassicae populations can shift rapidly in response to host selection pressure, continued pathotype monitoring is important for resistance stewardship. Clubbed roots were collected from 133 canola crops (126 in Alberta, 6 in Saskatchewan, 1 in Manitoba) in 2019 and 127 crops (113 in Alberta, 13 in Saskatchewan, 1 in Manitoba) in 2020, and evaluated for their CCD pathotype designations. Twenty-five unique pathotypes were identified across the sampled crops over the two years of the study; these included seven novel pathotypes, six of which could overcome first-generation resistance (3C, 8 G, 8I, 9D, 9E and 9F). While pathotypes 3A, 3D and 3 H continued to be identified frequently in 2019 and 2020, several others, most notably pathotype 8E (virulent on hosts with first-generation resistance), had also become more common by 2020. The results indicate the continued emergence of new P. brassicae pathotypes on canola.

Résumé

Sur les Prairies canadiennes, la hernie, causée par Plasmodiophora brassicae, est une importante maladie terricole du canola (Brassica napus). La plupart des cultivars de canola portent ce que l’on appelle une résistance de « première génération » qui est l’outil de gestion le plus généralement utilisé pour combattre la hernie. Malheureusement, de nouveaux pathotypes de P. brassicae sont apparus et ceux-ci peuvent vaincre cette résistance. En 2018, 36 pathotypes uniques de P. brassicae avaient déjà été identifiés sur les Prairies en se basant sur leur virulence à l’égard de la série différentielle canadienne de la hernie (DCH), dont les pathotypes 3A, 3D et 3 H qui prédominaient. Étant donné que la virulence des populations de P. brassicae peut rapidement changer en réaction à la pression sélective de l’hôte, le suivi en continu des pathotypes est essentiel en ce qui a trait à la gestion de la résistance. En 2019, des échantillons de hernie ont été collectés dans 133 cultures de canola (126 en Alberta, 6 en Saskatchewan, 1 au Manitoba) et, en 2020, 127 cultures (113 en Alberta, 13 en Saskatchewan, 1 au Manitoba) ont été évaluées pour en désigner le pathotype en fonction de la série DCH. Vingt-cinq pathotypes uniques ont été identifiés à partir des cultures échantillonnées durant les deux années de l’étude; ceux-ci incluaient sept nouveaux pathotypes, dont six pouvaient vaincre la résistance de première génération (3C, 8 G, 8I, 9D, 9E et 9F). Tandis que les pathotypes 3A, 3D et 3 H étaient toujours fréquemment répertoriés en 2019 et en 2020, plusieurs autres, dont principalement le pathotype 8E (virulent à l’égard des hôtes possédant une résistance de première génération), étaient devenus plus courants en 2020. Les résultats indiquent que de nouveaux pathotypes de P. brassicae continuent d’apparaître chez le canola.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank county and industry personnel, as well as the Canola Council of Canada (CCC) agronomists, for their assistance in conducting the clubroot surveys and identifying fields with potential resistance issues. We also thank all students and staff at the University of Alberta that assisted with the greenhouse work, as well as the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture and Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development for providing clubroot samples from Saskatchewan and Manitoba, respectively.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online here: https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2023.2212639.

Additional information

Funding

This work was made possible by funding from Results Driven Agriculture Research [RDAR; Project No. 2020F102R] and Alberta Canola [Project No. ACPC 138-AR20/2020F102R].

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