The Effect of Noninvasive Bariatric Surgery on the Levels of Certain Adipokines and Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Figures & data

Table 1. Anthropometric Parameters in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Subjected to BIB Therapy and the Percentage Changes Associated with BIB.

Variable	Control group N = 18	Pre-BIB, N = 30 Med [25%;75%]	Post-BIB, N = 30 Med [25%;75%]	% changes Med [25%;75%]
Weight (kg)	68.9 [63.0;90.0]	113.5 [100.5;136] *p < 0.00001	100 [88;114] *p < 0.0001 **p < 0.0001	−13.6 [−16.7; −8.3]
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.2 [22.3;27.6]	38.9 [34.3;44.1] *p < 0.000001	34.5 [28.7;39.1] *p < 0.00001 **p < 0.0001	−11.9 [−17.9; −7.5]
Fat %	29.3 [26.0;32.8]	48.3 [41;55.9] *p < 0.000001	34.9 [29.3;37.1] *p < 0.04 **p < 0.00001	−29.9 [−37.7; −23.6]
WHR	0.83 [0.74;0.9]	0.9 [0.9;1.0] *p < 0.003	0.9 [0.86;1.0] *p < 0.01	−0.58 [−6.6; 0.0]
WHtR	0.5 [0.45;0.5]	0.69 [0.62;0.76] *p < 0.0000001	0.64 [0.56;0.67] *p < 0.0000001 **p < 0.000001	−11.4 [−15.9; −7.1]
VAI	0.67 [0.49;1.36]	2.83 [1.83;4.4] *p < 0.000001	1.8 [1.3;2.4] *p < 0.00002 **p < 0.01	−33.8 [−58.1; −8.6]
BAI	26.6 [23.9;29.8]	37.4 [33.8;42.8] *p < 0.0000001	32.1 [29.9;37.8] *p < 0.00002 **p < 0.02	−11.9 [−19.3; −10.2]

BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; VAI, visceral adiposity index; BAI, body adiposity index.

All variables are reported as median (Med), Q1 (25%), Q3 (75%).

* vs control.

** vs pre-BIB.

Table 2. Biochemical Parameters of Blood and Adipokine Concentration in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Subjected to BIB Therapy and the Percentage Change Associated with BIB.

Variable	Control group N = 18	Pre-BIB, N = 30 Med [25%;75%]	Post-BIB, N = 30 Med [25%;75%]	% changes Med [25%;75%]
Tc (mg/dl)	179 [150;210]	196 [172;229]	179 [158;220]	−5.4 [−16.1;−5.6]
LDL (mg/dl)	95 [79;114]	133 [111;156] *p < 0.01	111 [96;151] *p < 0.05	−1.9 [−27;−13.8]
HDL (mg/dl)	66 [50;75]	41 [38;48] *p < 0.000003	45 [40;52] *p < 0.0001	+14.2 [+12.2;+31.7]
TG (mg/dl)	62 [50;120]	193 [121;246] *p < 0.00001	113 [92;161] *p < 0.003 **p < 0.0001	−36.3 [−54.8;−15.8]
Tc/HDL	2.95 [2.2;3.35]	4.85 [4.38;5.8] *p < 0.00003	3.8 [3.0;5.1] *p < 0.001 **p < 0.03	−15.2 [−29.6;−9.4]
LDL/HDL	1.7 [1.1;1.9]	3.32 [2.38;3.97] *p < 0.00001	2.6 [1.6;3.4] *p < 0.0004	−15.3 [−27.9;−14.5]
TG/HDL	0.89 [0.69;2.36]	4.37 [2.75;6.17] *p < 0.000002	2.45 [1.8;3.7] *p < 0.0004 **p < 0.0003	−30.7 [−54.4;−14.2]
Glucose (mg/dl)	80 [75;88]	110 [96;128] *p < 0.00001	91 [87;102] *p < 0.0003 **p < 0.0001	−15.5 [ −28;−3]
Leptin (ng/ml)	3.9 [2.4;8.1]	38.3 [19.0;51.8] *p < 0.0001	22.7 [6.1;36.8] *p < 0.002 **p < 0.04	−35.5 [−65.9;−22.6]
Adiponectin (µg/ml)	10.9 [7.2;15.2]	4.7 [3.3;6.4] *p < 0.001	6.0 [4.6;7.1] *p < 0.01 **p < 0.02	+22.8 [+1.6;+53.1]
Lep/adipo (×1000)	0.44 [0.24;0.64]	6.1 [2.9;9.5] *p < 0.0001	2.4 [1.2;4.2] *p < 0.001 **p < 0.01	−56.2 [−79.3;−42.1]
hsCRP (mg/l)	0.9 [0.6;1.9]	3.3 [1.5;5.2] *p < 0.004	1.85 [1.0;3.5] **p < 0.01	−40.9 [−53.8;−23.3]

Tc, total cholesterol; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; Tc/HDL, total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein ratio; LDL/HDL, low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein ratio; TG/HDL, triglycerides/high density lipoprotein ratio; Lep/adipo, leptin/adiponectin ratio.

All variables are expressed as medians (Med), Q1 (25%), Q3 (75%).

* vs control.

** vs pre-BIB.

Table 3. Correlations Between the Changes in Anthropometric Indices and Biochemical Parameters.

	Weight (kg)	BMI (kg/m^2)	% fat	Tc (mg/dl)	BAI
Leptin (ng/ml)	0.77	0.38	–	0.38	0.48
Leptin/adiponectin ratio (×1000)	0.68	–	0.67	–	0.56
hsCRP (mg/l)	0.57	0.66	–	–	0.67

Value of correlation coefficients (Rs) in Spearman’s test (p < 0.05).