Students in interprofessional clinical placements: How supervision facilitates patient-centeredness in collaborative learning

Figures & data

Table 1. A comprehensive overview of the contexts.

Contexts	The health center (Norway)	The rehab (Norway)	The IPTW (Sweden)
Length	2–4 days (day shifts)	5 days (day shifts)	2 weeks (day and night shifts)
Instructions for students	Engage in interprofessional collaboration when encountering, performing daily follow-up with, and providing care for patients in the ward. Keep an interprofessional journal, including observations and suggestions for further care.	Engage in interprofessional collaboration according to the detailed timetable (showing a variety of activities for students to undertake, e.g., physiotherapy sessions, morning routines, etc.).	Work as part of an interprofessional student team to oversee the daily care, mobilization, and rehabilitation of patients. Daily holding points are displayed on a timetable, including morning routines, rounds, patient meals, supervision, lunchtime, etc.
Participating students’ professions	Final-year students from: Nursing (n = 17) Medicine (n = 5) Physiotherapy (n = 3) Occupational therapy (n = 1) Pharmacy (n = 6)	Second- and final-year students from: Nursing (2^nd year) (n = 3) Occupational therapy (n = 1) Physiotherapy (n = 1)	Final-year students from: Nursing (n = 5) Medicine (n = 3) Occupational therapy (n = 1) Physiotherapy (n = 1)
Team size	5–6 students	5 students	5–6 students
Participating supervisors’ professions	Registered nurse (n = 4) Medical doctor (n = 1) Physiotherapist (n = 1) Pharmacist (n = 1)	Registered nurse (n = 1) Physiotherapist (n = 2) Occupational therapist (n = 1)	Registered nurse (n = 3) Medical doctor (n = 1) Physiotherapist (n = 1) Occupational therapist (n = 1)
Structure ofinterprofessional supervision	Scheduled time for interprofessional reflection (reflection hour; 1–2 h each period)	Scheduled interprofessional supervision (3 1-hour sessions)	Scheduled time for interprofessional reflection (1–2 h at the end of the day shift)

Table

WHEN	Date/Time
WHAT	What type of activity is going on? What do participants do? What do the participants say?
HOW	How is the activity performed? What do participants do? Body language/gestures/mood How do they sit/position themselves? How do they dress?
WHO	Who/which people are involved? Who talks to whom?
WHERE	Where does the activity take place? What does the physical environment look like? DRAW THE ROOM/PEOPLE’S LOCATION/IMPORTANT ITEMS
QUESTION	Current follow-up questions – to whom
PARTICIPANT REACTIVITY	Inquiries to the researcher from participants Could some of the behavior be due to the researcher’s presence? Could some of the behavior be due to the research question and focus of the research project?

Table

Theme	Featured Questions
Introduction	Welcome Information about what the interview entails The purpose of the interview is to elaborate on what I have observed during the interprofessional placement and to shed light on it from the supervisor’s perspective. Be honest about what you mean; everything said today is treated with confidentiality and will not be traced back to you. The interview is recorded on an audio recorder, and I may take some notes along the way to keep in mind things that I will follow up on/ask you questions about later in the interview. Duration approx. 40–60 minutes Please turn off your mobile phone or other things that may cause disturbances during the interview. Can you confirm that you consented to participate in the interview? Inform about the possibility of withdrawing consent or requesting access to what concerns the participant in the data material
Supervisor’s background/context
	Tell us about your practice as a health practitioner and supervisor for students
	How long is your professional practice?
	How long have you supervised students in clinical placements?
	How long have you been supervising interprofessional groups?
	Can you think back to when you first heard about interprofessional collaborative learning taking place in clinical placements, what did you think about that?
Key topic: About the supervisor’s understanding of interprofessional placements with patients
	What is the purpose of interprofessional collaborative learning in clinical placements?
	How is it organized here with you?
	Who is involved?
	What do you want to achieve?
Key topic: About the supervisor’s preparations for the interprofessional placement
	What preparations do you make before the placement period?
	What role does the supervisor have in this?
	How does the selection of relevant patients take place?
	What is the selection based on?
	How are patients prepared?
	What is your role in relation with the patient?
Key topic: Supervision of the interprofessional students during the placement and the patient’s role
	Tell us about how you follow up the group during the day/week?
	What did you do as a supervisor?
	Who does what?
	What happened when the students met the patient?
	Alternatively: What were the reasons why the students did not meet the patient?
	What do you think a patient meeting could have contributed with?
Key topic: On reflections on interprofessional learning and the patient’s role
	What happened when the students met for the reflection meeting?
	What did you do as a supervisor?
	What did you emphasize in the supervision?
	What guides the emphasized topics in the supervision sessions?
	What happens to the students’ view/understanding of (own role in relations to the patient/patient’s role) through the reflection meeting?
Ending
	Summary of the interview
	What has it been like to have a researcher with you this day/week?
	How has the interview been?
	Is there anything that you think should have been done differently?
	What do you think is the most important thing we’ve talked about in the interview?
	Thanks for participating!