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History and Technology
An International Journal
Volume 39, 2023 - Issue 1
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Articles

Electrical futures for a regenerated Spain: electricity, engineering and national reconstruction after the 1898 ‘Disaster’

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Pages 91-125 | Received 17 Mar 2020, Accepted 20 Feb 2023, Published online: 15 May 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. The 1919 draft of a national grid for Spain. Image credit: Digital Periodical and Newspaper Library. National Library of Spain. La Energía Eléctrica, no. 8, 25-04-1919, 95: http://hemerotecadigital.Bne.es/issue.Vm?id=0005255435&search=&lang=en.

Figure 1. The 1919 draft of a national grid for Spain. Image credit: Digital Periodical and Newspaper Library. National Library of Spain. La Energía Eléctrica, no. 8, 25-04-1919, 95: http://hemerotecadigital.Bne.es/issue.Vm?id=0005255435&search=&lang=en.

Figure 2. Perez del Pulgar’s national grid project (1920). Image credit: Digital Periodical and Newspaper Library. National Library of Spain. La Energía Eléctrica, no. 7, 10-04-1921, 75: http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0005258211&search=&lang=en.

Figure 2. Perez del Pulgar’s national grid project (1920). Image credit: Digital Periodical and Newspaper Library. National Library of Spain. La Energía Eléctrica, no. 7, 10-04-1921, 75: http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0005258211&search=&lang=en.

Figure 3. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales’ (Spanish Association of Industrial Assembly) project for a national grid (1923). Image credit: National Library of Spain. DL/2541543. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales. Extracto del proyecto para la red eléctrica nacional de España (Extract from the project of a national electrical grid for Spain). Madrid: Nuevas Gráficas, 1928, 17. Reproduced with permission.

Figure 3. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales’ (Spanish Association of Industrial Assembly) project for a national grid (1923). Image credit: National Library of Spain. DL/2541543. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales. Extracto del proyecto para la red eléctrica nacional de España (Extract from the project of a national electrical grid for Spain). Madrid: Nuevas Gráficas, 1928, 17. Reproduced with permission.

Figure 4. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales’ (Spanish Association of Industrial Assembly) project for a national grid (1923). Image credit: National Library of Spain. DL/2541543. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales. Extracto del proyecto para la red eléctrica nacional de España (Extract from the project of a national electrical grid for Spain). Madrid: Nuevas Gráficas, 1928, 17. Reproduced with permission.

Figure 4. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales’ (Spanish Association of Industrial Assembly) project for a national grid (1923). Image credit: National Library of Spain. DL/2541543. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales. Extracto del proyecto para la red eléctrica nacional de España (Extract from the project of a national electrical grid for Spain). Madrid: Nuevas Gráficas, 1928, 17. Reproduced with permission.

Figure 5. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales’ (Spanish Association of Industrial Assembly) project for a national grid (1923). Image credit: National Library of Spain. DL/2541543. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales. Extracto del proyecto para la red eléctrica nacional de España (Extract from the project of a national electrical grid for Spain). Madrid: Nuevas Gráficas, 1928. Reproduced with permission.

Figure 5. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales’ (Spanish Association of Industrial Assembly) project for a national grid (1923). Image credit: National Library of Spain. DL/2541543. Sociedad Española de Montajes Industriales. Extracto del proyecto para la red eléctrica nacional de España (Extract from the project of a national electrical grid for Spain). Madrid: Nuevas Gráficas, 1928. Reproduced with permission.

Figure 6. Project of an electric railroad to connect Northern Africa and the strait of Gibraltar with the Spanish northern border and Europe. Image credit: National Library of Spain. VC/640/30(1). Gayoso y Sevilla, Francisco de Borja, Marquis of Camarasa. Comunicaciones y rápidos transportes terrestres entre la frontera norte de españa y el estrecho de Gibraltar (Convenience of the Communication and Rapid Land Transports between the Northern Border of Spain and the Strait of Gibraltar). Madrid, 1919, 30. Reproduced with permission.

Figure 6. Project of an electric railroad to connect Northern Africa and the strait of Gibraltar with the Spanish northern border and Europe. Image credit: National Library of Spain. VC/640/30(1). Gayoso y Sevilla, Francisco de Borja, Marquis of Camarasa. Comunicaciones y rápidos transportes terrestres entre la frontera norte de españa y el estrecho de Gibraltar (Convenience of the Communication and Rapid Land Transports between the Northern Border of Spain and the Strait of Gibraltar). Madrid, 1919, 30. Reproduced with permission.