Legume Crops Phylogeny and Genetic Diversity for Science and Breeding

Figures & data

FIG. 1. Overview cladogram for the family Fabaceae based on tree of life (http://tolweb.org/tree/) information. Clades with major crops that are discussed in the review are highlighted in red. Abbreviations: pp - (partly), sl - sensu lato (broadly circumscribed), ss - sensu stricto (narrowly circumscribed).

TABLE 1 List of taxonomical species, and current number of germplasm stored accessions of major legume crops and their gene pools

Genus	Number of taxonomic species	Number of domesticated/cultivated species	Species	Major crops	Number of species in genebanks	Number of accessions in germplasm	Primary genepool (GP1a, b) Based upon the Harlan and de Wet gene pool concept (1971)	Secondary genepool (GP2)	Tertiary genepool (GP3)	Crop wild relatives - priority species	References
Fabeae tribe
Pisum	3	2	P. sativum, P. sativum subsp. abysssinicum	Pea	3	98,947	Pisum sativum subsp. sativum, subps. elatius	P. fulvum, P. abyssinicum	Vavilovia formosa	Pisum sativum subsp. sativum, subps. elatius, P. fulvum	Ambrose and Maxted, 2001; Smýkal et al., 2011, 2013
Vicia	160–200	1 to 4 / 17 taxa cultivated	V. faba V. narbonensis V. sativa, V. ervilia	Faba Bean	95	38,000 (V. faba)	V. faba, V. faba subsp. paucijuga,V. faba subsp. faba, V. faba subsp. faba var. minor, V. faba subsp. faba var. equina, V. faba subsp. faba var. faba cultivars and landraces	no for V. faba	V. kalakhensis V. johannis V. johannis var. ecirrhosa V. johannis var. procumbens V. johannis var. johannis	V. eristalioides, V. bithynica, V. eristalioides, V. galilaea, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. johannis, V. kalakhensis, V. narbonensis, V. serratifolia	Duc et al., 2010; http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/GapAnalysis
Lens	5	1	L. culinaris subsp. culinaris	Lentil	6	58,407	L. culinaris subsp. culinaris cultivars and landraces, L. culinaris subsp. tomentosus, L. culinaris subsp. odemensis, L. culinaris subsp. orientalis	L. ervoides, L. nigricans	L. lamottei	L. culinaris subsp. orientalis, L. odemensis, L. tomentosus, L. lamottei, L. nigricans, L.ervoides	Tullu et al., 2011; http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/GapAnalysis
Lathyrus	160	4 / 4 taxa cultivated	L. sativus, L. ochrus, L. clymenum, L. cicera, cultivated (L. tingitanus, L. latifolius, L. odoratus, L. sylvestris)	Grasspea	46	3,043 Lathyrus sp. plus 12,133 of L. sativus	L. sativus, L. ochrus, L. clymenum, L. cicera	L. chrysanthus, L. gorgoni, L.marmoratus, L. pseudocicera, L. amphicarpus, L. blepharicarpus, L. chloranthus, L. hierosolymitanus L. hirsutus	Lathyrus sp.	L. cicera, L. amphicarpos, L. belinensis, L. chrysanthus, L. hirticarpus, L. hirsutus, L. marmoratus	Shehadeh et al., 2013
Trifolieae tribe
Trifolium	255	16	T. pratense, T. repens, T. hybridum, T. resupinatum, T. subterraneum, T. incarnatum, T. alexandrinum, T. campestre, T. ambiguum, T. nigrescens, T. pannonicum, T. ochroleucon, T. fragiferum, T. medium, T. alpestre, T. arvense	Clovers	188	74,000	T. pratense, T. repens	T. hybridum, T. resupinatum	T. subterraneum, T. incarnatum	T. pannonicum, T. campestre, T. medium, T. fragifeum, T. glomeratum, T. alexandrinum, T. ambiguum,	Abberton and Thomas, 2011
Medicago	87	12	M. sativa, M. arabica, M. italica, M. littoralis, M. lupulina, M. minima, M. murex, M. orbicularis, M. scutellata, M. rigidula, M. rugosa, M. truncatula	Alfalfa	80	91,000	Medicago sativa subsp. falcata, M. sativa subsp. glomerata, M. sativa subsp. sativa, M. sativa subsp. tunetana, M. sativa subsp. varia, M. sativa subsp. falcata var. viscosa [tetraploids]	Medicago sativa subsp. caerulea, Medicago sativa subsp. falcata, M. sativa subsp. glomerata, M. sativa nothosubsp. tunetana, M. sativa nothosubsp. varia, M. sativa subsp. falcata var. viscosa [diploid], M. prostrata	Medicago arborea, M. cancellata, M. daghestanica, M. hybrida, M. marina, M. papillosa, M. pironae, M. rhodopea, M. rupestris, M. ruthenica, M. saxatilis		Small 2011; Wiersema and León, 2013
Cicereae tribe
Cicer	44	1	C. arietinum	Chickpea	32	98,313	C. arientinum, C. reticulatum	C. echinospermum	C. bijugum, C. judaicum, C. chorassanicum, C. yamashitae, C. cuneatum, C. pinnatifidum	C. reticulatum and further 15 out of 22 species	Mallikarjuna et al., 2011; http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/GapAnalysis
Phaseoleae tribe
Phaseolus	76	4	P. vulgaris	Common Bean	54	261, 968	P. vulgaris cultivars, landraces and wild specimens	P. polyanthus (syn. P. dumosus) P. costaricensis P. coccineus	P. parvifolius, P. acutifolius	55 out of 83 taxa	Singh and Jauhar, 2005; Porch et al., 2013; http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/GapAnalysis
			P. acutifolius	Tepary Bean			P. acutifolius		P. vulgaris
			P. coccineus	Scarlet Runner Bean			P. coccineus	P. vulgaris
			P. lunatus	Lima Bean			P. lunatus		P. vulgaris
Glycine	24	1	G.max	Soybean	24	156,849	Subgenus Soja = G.soja+G. max	No	Subgenus Glycine	G.soja	Carter et al., 2004;
Vigna	150	8	V. unguiculata	Cowpea	102	65,323	V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata var. unguiculata	V. nervosa	other Vigna species	103 out of 118 taxa	Maxted et al., 2004; http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/GapAnalysis
			V. subterranea	Bambara groundnut
			V. radiata	Mung bean
			V. mungo	Grams
			V. angularis	Adzuki bean
			V. aconitifolia	Moth bean
			V. reflexopiloxa var. glabra	Creole bean
			V. umbellata	Rice bean
Cajanus	32	1	C. cajan	Pigeonpea	22	40,820	Cajanus cajan	C. acutifolius, C. albicans, C. cajanifolius, C. confertifolius, C. lanceolatus, C. lineatus, C. reticulatum, C. scarabeoides, C. sericeus, C. trinervius, C. cajan subsp. pubescens	C. cinereus, C. confertiflorus, C. crassus, C. goensis, C. latisepalus, C. mollis, C. platycarpus, C. rugosus, all other species in the genus	25 out of 30 species	Singh and Jauhar, 2005; Bohra et al., 2010; http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/GapAnalysis
Aeschynomeneae tribe
Arachis	80	1	A. hypogaea	Groundnut (peanut)	80	128,435	A. hypogaea and A. monticola	All the diploid species of section Arachis	all the species of section Procumbentes	A. cardenasii, A. diogoi, A. batizocoi, A. ipaënsis, A. duranensis, A. gregoryi, A. linearifolium, A. magna, A.valida, A. kempffmercadoi, A. stenosperma and A. hoehnei	Upadhyaya et al., 2011; Sharma et al., 2013
Genisteae tribe
Lupinus	267	4	L. albus	White lupin	90	38,000	Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius, L. luteus, L. mutabilis	L. elegans, L. pubescens, L. nanus, L. polyphyllus, L. hartwegii, L. tomentosus, L. hispanicus	L. arizonicus, L. succulentus		Wolko et al., 2011; Drummond et al., 2012
			L. angustifolius	Narrow-leafed lupin
			L. luteus	Yellow lupin
			L. mutabilis	Andean lupin

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