Barthel Index and Age as Predictors of Discharge Destination in Patients with Glioblastoma

Figures & data

Table 1. Patients’ characteristics.

	Discharge destination		p Value
	Home (n = 50)	Hospital (n = 35)
Age (years) (median, IQR)	65 (57–71.8)	77 (66.5–81.5)	<0.01
Sex (%)
Male	33 (64.7)	16 (45.7)	0.08
Female	17 (35.3)	19 (54.3)
Length of stay (days) (median, IQR)	78 (68.3–89)	87 (69.5–105.5)	0.22
Survival time (days) (median, IQR)	519 (439–612)	738.5 (473.8–1144.8)	0.17
Number of family members (median, IQR)	3 (2–4)	3 (2–4)	0.37
KPS at admission (%) (median, IQR)	80 (70–90)	70 (50–90)	0.12
KPS at discharge (%) (median, IQR)	80 (62.5–90)	60 (40–60)	<0.01
BI at the start of rehabilitation (points) (median, IQR)	55 (22.3–90)	25 (2.5–55)	<0.01
BI at discharge (points) (median, IQR)	90 (80–100)	55 (20–72.5)	<0.01
ΔBI (points) (median, IQR)	27.5 (0–55)	10 (0–27.5)	<0.05
Serum albumin at admission (g/dL) (median, IQR)	4.3 (3.9–4.5)	4.0 (3.7–4.3)	<0.05
Serum albumin at discharge (g/dL) (median, IQR)	3.7 (3.5–4.0)	3.5 (3.1–3.8)	<0.01
Serum albumin percent change (%) (median, IQR)	−12.7 (−17.5– −3.3)	−12.5 (−20.9– −5.4)	0.48

IQR: interquartile range; KPS: Karnofsky performance status; BI: Barthel index

Figure 1. (a) Comparison of BI values of patients in the discharge-home group at the start of rehabilitation and at discharge; (b) Comparison of BI values of patients in the hospital transfer group at the start of rehabilitation and at discharge. BI: Barthel index.

Table 2. Location of the tumor and initial treatment type in included patients with glioblastoma.

	Discharge destination		p Value
	Home (n = 50)	Hospital (n = 35)
Location
Frontal	19	11	0.32
Frontotemporal	0	4
Frontoparietal	0	1
Parietal	5	5
Parietotemporal	3	1
Occipital	3	2
Temporal	9	7
Frontotemporoparietal	2	0
Cerebellar	1	1
Others	8	3
Initial treatment
Resection + radiation + chemotherapy	43	21	<0.01
Resection + radiation	0	5
Resection + chemotherapy	1	1
Resection only	0	1
Biopsy + Radiation + chemotherapy	6	6
Radiation only	0	1

Table 3. BI comparison at the start of rehabilitation for each initial treatment.

	BI at the start of rehabilitation		p Value
	Home (n = 50)	Hospital (n = 35)
Initial treatment (points) (median, IQR)
Resection + radiation + chemotherapy	55 (35–90)	45 (0–65)	0.10
Resection + radiation	NA	0 (0–5)	NA
Resection + chemotherapy	20	5	NA
Resection only	NA	35	NA
Biopsy + Radiation + chemotherapy	35 (21.3–78.8)	27.5 (21.3–48.8)	0.63
Radiation only	NA	45	NA

BI: Barthel index; IQR: interquartile range; NA: not applicable

Table 4. BI comparison at discharge for each initial treatment.

	BI at discharge		p Value
	Home (n = 50)	Hospital (n = 35)
Initial treatment (points) (median, IQR)
Resection + radiation + chemotherapy	95 (82.5–100)	70 (35–80)	<0.01
Resection + radiation	NA	35 (5–35)	NA
Resection + chemotherapy	70	85	NA
Resection only	NA	20	NA
Biopsy + Radiation + chemotherapy	90 (45–97.5)	27.5 (8.8–50)	0.06
Radiation only	NA	0	NA

BI: Barthel index; IQR: interquartile range; NA: not applicable

Table 5. BI comparison at the start of rehabilitation and at discharge for each initial treatment.

	BI at the start of rehabilitation	BI at discharge	p Value
Initial treatment (points) (median, IQR)
Resection + radiation + chemotherapy	55 (13.8–81.3)	90 (68.8–100)	<0.01
Resection + radiation	0 (0–5)	35 (5–35)	0.17
Resection + chemotherapy	12.5 (8.8–16.3)	77.5 (73.8–81.3)	0.50
Resection only	35	20	NA
Biopsy + Radiation + chemotherapy	27.5 (20–58.8)	45 (23.8–90)	0.63
Radiation only	45	0	NA

BI: Barthel index; IQR: interquartile range; NA: not applicable

Table 6. Analysis of factors influencing discharge destination.

Variable	OR	95% CI	p Value	VIF
Age (years)	1.06	1.020–1.110	<0.01	1.07
Sex	1.72	0.596–4.970	0.32	1.10
Number of family members	0.92	0.600–1.400	0.69	1.06
KPS at admission (%)	1.00	0.969–1.030	0.95	1.30
BI at the start of rehabilitation (points)	0.98	0.966–0.998	<0.05	1.23
Serum albmin at discharge (g/dL)	0.54	0.148–1.970	0.35	1.22

OR: odds ratio; VIF: variance inflation factor; CI: confidence interval; KPS: Karnofsky performance status; BI: Barthel index

Figure 2. (a) ROC curve for age. The cut-off value was 76 years of age, specificity was 0.860, sensitivity was 0.571, and AUC was 0.72; (b) ROC curve for BI at the start of rehabilitation. The cut-off value was 30 points, specificity was 0.720, sensitivity was 0.571, and AUC was 0.68. ROC: receiver operating characteristic; AUC: area under the curve.

Data availability statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.