Multidimensional Poverty in Germany: A Capability Approach

Figures & data

Table 1 Dimensions, Indicators and Thresholds for Germany.

Dimension	Capability	Indicator	Threshold GCSPI	Threshold SCSPI
Health	Bodily health	Health conditionHealth	Subjective health condition either poor or badAt least four of the following:	Dissatisfaction with health condition three or below
		impairments	1. Have trouble climbing stairs2. Health limits vigorous activities3. Achieved less due to physical health condition4. Achieved less due to mental health condition5. Reduced social contacts due to health problems
Education	Senses, imagination	Schooling	< 9 years of schooling	Not available
	and thought	Graduation	Neither graduation nor training qualification
Employment	Affiliation; control over environment; play	Employment	At least one of the following:1. Activity status ‘unemployed’2. Working poor (wage below minimum)3. Time poor (working hour tension at least 10 h)	Dissatisfaction with employment situation three or below
Housing	Bodily health; affiliation	Housing condition	Condition of housing either:1. In urgent need of complete renovation2. In danger of breaking down	Dissatisfaction with living condition three or below
		Socially necessary amenities	Lack of either of the following:1. In-house bath / shower2. Warm water3. In-house toilet4. Central heating
		Living space	Living space below minimum [45 m^2 for first, 15 m^2 for every additional household member (infants excluded)]
Mobility	Bodily integrity	Transport	Public transport more than 20 min away and no car available	Not available
		Crime	Neighbourhood either insecure or dangerous
Income	Control over environment	Disposable income	Disposable income below breadline (638 EUR for first, 356 EUR for every additional adult, 322 EUR for every additional child per household)	Dissatisfaction with income situation three or below

Table 2 Kendall τ_b Correlation All Dimensions.

		Health	Education	Employment	Housing	Mobility	Income	Dissatisfaction with health	Dissatisfaction with employment	Dissatisfaction with housing	Dissatisfaction with income	AROPR income
Health	K. τb	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0000
Education	K. τb	0.0439	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0000	0.0000
Empl.	K. τb	0.0339	0.0368	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0014	0.0006	0.0000
Housing	K. τb	0.0320	0.0917	0.0518	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0024	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Mobility	K. τb	0.0714	0.0599	0.0216	0.0691	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0000	0.0000	0.0460	0.0000	0.0000
Income	K. τb	0.0585	0.1161	0.1080	0.2014	0.0782	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Diss. Health	K. τb	0.4946	0.0091	0.0322	0.0029	0.0525	0.0370	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0000	0.3962	0.0029	0.7877	0.0000	0.0006	0.0000
Diss. Empl.	K. τb	0.2052	0.0365	0.0480	0.0399	0.0513	0.0935	0.2130	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0000	0.0006	0.0000	0.0002	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Diss. Housing	K. τb	0.1066	0.0461	0.0467	0.1611	0.0953	0.0847	0.1248	0.1216	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Diss. Income	K. τb	0.1938	0.0629	0.0968	0.0948	0.0780	0.2023	0.1825	0.2726	0.1821	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
AROPR Income	K. τb	0.0666	0.1043	0.1183	0.2229	0.0820	0.7646	0.0432	0.1020	0.0821	0.2199	1.0000
	p-Value	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0001	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000

Note: p-Values correspond to the null hypothesis that the two indicators are independent.

Figure 1 Development of Economic Figures, Germany 2002–2010.

Figure 2 Headcounts for GCSPI, SCSPI and AROPR, Germany 2010.

Figure 3 German Poverty Maps AROPR 2002–2010.

Figure 4 German Poverty Maps GCSPI 2002–2010.

Figure 5 German Poverty Maps SCSPI 2002–2010.

Figure 6 Development of Dimensional Decompositions 2002–2010.

Figure 7 Dimensional Decomposition of GCSPI 2002–2010.

Table A1 Sum of Missing Values GCSPI.

Dimension	Indicator	2002	2004	2006	2008	2010
Health	Health condition	4,257	3,506	4,103	4,013	4,801
	Health impairments	419	357	568	485	442
Education	Schooling	1,201	1,238	1,197	1,061	953
	Graduation	0	0	0	0	0
Employment	Employment	254	251	285	247	266
Housing	Housing condition	59	78	55	40	66
	Socially necessary amenities	211	230	0	1	0
	Living space	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility	Transport	826	14	858	268	293
	Crime	4,248	81	4,470	1,261	1,032
Income	Disposable income	1,017	1,344	949	1,174	1,345
Sum		12,492	7,099	12,485	8,550	9,198
Original adult sample size		28,107	25,483	26,732	23,928	23,909

Table A2 Sum of Missing Values SCSPI.

Dimension	Indicator	2002	2004	2006	2008	2010
Health	Dissatisfaction with health	4,269	3,544	4,426	4,273	5,037
Employment	Dissatisfaction with employment	9,357	8,983	9,446	8,015	7,750
Housing	Dissatisfaction with living conditions	53	37	34	25	27
Income	Dissatisfaction with income	123	147	105	116	100
Sum		13,802	12,711	14,011	12,429	12,914
Original adult sample size		28,107	25,483	26,732	23,928	23,909