Figures & data
Table 1. Design dimensions for immersive Cooperative Work Environment (CWE) adapted from (Bjørn et al., Citation2021).
Figure 1. Screenshot of online walk-through of mooring videos.
Figure 2. Deck layout: Winches (numbers) and positions (Letters).
Figure 3. 3D model of the deck in the VR containership from the bird’s view.
Figure 4. Winch and rope system.
Figure 5. The berth, target points and longshoremen.
Figure 6. Implementation of Avatars.
Table 2. The 22 maritime participants in our prototype experiment, their roles in real life and roles they took in the test sessions (officer or sailors).
Figure 7. Awareness cues and interaction.
Figure 8. Confirming orders by repeating orders.
Figure 9. Coordination of task distribution during the toolbox talk.
Figure 10. Pink (left top) and Blue (right top) in the virtual void next to the ship, Test session 3.
Figure 11. Almost complete mooring with six winches.
Table 3. Social fidelity features in immersive cooperative simulators.
Table 4. Design Guidelines for Social Fidelity.