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Chronobiology International
The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research
Volume 41, 2024 - Issue 5
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Original Articles

Circadian variation in muscle force output in males using isokinetic, isometric dynamometry: can we observe this in multi-joint movements using the muscleLab force-velocity encoder and are they similar in peak and magnitude?

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 709-724 | Received 01 Feb 2024, Accepted 19 Apr 2024, Published online: 09 May 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. A typical MVC with twitches superimposed. Panel a illustrates the timing of the twitches whilst panel b illustrates the participants achieved force rate.

Figure 1. A typical MVC with twitches superimposed. Panel a illustrates the timing of the twitches whilst panel b illustrates the participants achieved force rate.

Figure 2. Schematic of the research design and experimental protocol, the thermometer image represents Trec and Tm taken.

Figure 2. Schematic of the research design and experimental protocol, the thermometer image represents Trec and Tm taken.

Figure 3. Mean (95%CI) values for both resting rectal and muscle temperature for the four times of day.

Figure 3. Mean (95%CI) values for both resting rectal and muscle temperature for the four times of day.

Table 1. Population cosinor results for rectal temperature, resting muscle temperature, and all POMS category scores during the live normal protocol (four times of measurement). 95% confidence intervals are inserted when significance observed. Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Table 2. Population cosinor results for pre-test muscle temperature and all biodex isokinetic dynamometry results during the protocol (four times of measurement). Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Table 3. Population cosinor results for pre-test muscle temperature and all isometric percutaneous stimulation results during the protocol (four times of measurement).

Table 4. Population cosinor results for pre-test muscle temperature and all muscle lab.

Figure 4. Mean (95%CI) values for both back squat and Bench Press (both loads) for the four times of day. # represents main effect for load, * represents main effect for time of day, † represents and interaction for time of day by load.

Figure 4. Mean (95%CI) values for both back squat and Bench Press (both loads) for the four times of day. # represents main effect for load, * represents main effect for time of day, † represents and interaction for time of day by load.