Health screenings in college health centers: Variations in practice

Figures & data

Table 1. College HCP sample demographics (N = 1,116^a).

			Total	NPs	MDs/DOs	PAs	p
HCP role			100%	53.7%	34.1%	12.2%
Gender:							<.001
Female			84.2%	96.4%	65.4%	82.0%
Male			15.4%	3.1%	34.3%	18.0%
Non-binary or other			0.4%	0.5%	0.3%	0.0%
Age:							<.001
20–39 years old			23.0%	27.3%	12.2%	34.3%
40–49 years old			26.6%	28.6%	20.1%	35.8%
50–59 years old			31.5%	25.2%	43.7%	25.4%
60+ years old			18.9%	18.9%	24.0%	4.5%
Race:							.001
African-American/Black			4.5%	4.6%	5.0%	2.2%
Asian			8.5%	6.2%	12.6%	7.5%
AI/AN			0.6%	0.3%	1.1%	0.0%
Caucasian/White			84.4%	87.5%	77.7%	89.5%
Other			2.0%	1.4%	3.6%	0.8%
Hispanic ethnicity			4.5%	3.6%	5.9%	5.3%	.217
College/university type:							.161
State			73.3%	74.4%	71.5%	73.1%
Private/religious			10.1%	11.0%	8.4%	11.2%
Private/secular^b			16.6%	14.6%	20.1%	15.7%
College/university enrollment:^c							<.001
<5,000			17.7%	21.7%	10.6%	21.1%
5,000–9,999			19.6%	20.8%	19.4%	14.9%
10,000–19,999			25.0%	26.1%	25.3%	19.5%
>20,000			37.7%	31.4%	44.7%	44.5%
College/university MSI or HBCU:^c							.983
Yes			10.9%	10.7%	11.0%	11.3%
No			89.1%	89.3%	89.0%	88.7%
Location:^c							.055
Urban			44.2%	43.9%	48.4%	34.3%
Suburban			36.6%	35.6%	35.3%	44.3%
Rural			19.2%	20.5%	16.3%	21.4%
Region:							.027
Northeast (12 states + DC)			28.8%	31.2%	25.6%	26.7%
Midwest (12 states)			21.7%	23.7%	18.9%	21.5%
South (13 states)			27.0%	26.4%	27.8%	27.4%
West (11 states)			22.5%	18.7%	27.8%	24.4%

Abbreviations: HCP, Health Care Provider; NP, nurse practitioner; MD/DO, physicians; PA, physician assistant.

^aN = Total number of observations (1154 + 5 = 1159) − 1.9% (22 out of 1159) of original sample who identified HCP role as “other” (e.g., “director”, “asst. director” or “supervisor”) – 1.8% (21 out of 1159) of original sample who are missing.

^b Of the “Private” Colleges, 10.1% were religious-affiliated and 16.6% were secular.

^c Excludes those who reported “did not know” 2.4% for enrollment; 0.6% for urbanicity; 4.6% for MSI/HBCU status.

Table 2. Mean/median (SD) screening rates by college HCP role and screening type (N = 1,116).

College HCP role Screening type^a	Total	Nurse practitioner	Physician	Physician assistant	Kruskal–Wallis test^b
Tobacco	83.90/100 (26.51)	85.09/100 (25.25)	82.32/100 (28.63)	82.95/100 (25.82)	H = 2.4 p = 0.304
Alcohol	76.25/90 (29.80)	77.28/90 (29.22)	74.36/90 (31.34)	76.89/90 (27.88)	H = 1.9 p = 0.387
Eating disorders	37.93/30 (31.64)	38.59/30 (31.94)	37.51/30 (31.80)	36.18/20 (29.99)	H = 0.3 p = 0.868
Obesity	58.85/70 (38.28)	57.38/60 (37.83)	61.30/80 (38.80)	58.55/80 (38.73)	H = 2.5 p = 0.289
IPV/SV	46.07/40 (36.20)	49.98/50 (36.26)	40.48/30 (35.76)	43.82/30 (35.18)	H = 13.9 p = 0.001^c
Anxiety/depression	74.93/90 (27.97)	76.18/90 (27.26)	73.73/90 (29.36)	72.80/80 (26.99)	H = 2.6 p = 0.267
Kruskal–Wallis test^b	H = 1315	H = 724	H = 425	H = 180
	p < 0.001^c	p < 0.001^c	p < 0.001^c	p < 0.001^c

Abbreviation: HCP, health care provider; IPV, intimate partner violence/sexual violence.

^a 3.7% missing values for tobacco, 3.7% missing values for alcohol, 5.0% missing values for eating disorders, 4.3% missing values for obesity, 4.7% missing values for IPV/SV, 3.9% missing values for anxiety/depression.

^b Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test.

^c Post-hoc analysis is conducted using the Dunn test.