Incidence and prognosis of heart failure in persons with type 2 diabetes compared with individuals without diabetes – a nation-wide study from Finland in 1996–2012

Figures & data

Figure 1. The incidence of heart failure during 1996–2012 in the population without diabetes (DM) in the age groups 35–64 years (A), 65–74 years (C) and 75–94 years (E) and among persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the age groups 35–64 years (B), 65–74 years (D) and 75–94 years (F).

Figure 2. The prevalence of heart failure during 1996–2012 in the population without diabetes (DM) in the age groups 35–64 years (A), 65–74 years (C) and 75–94 years (E) and among persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the age groups 35–64 years (B), 65–74 years (D) and 75–94 years (F).

Table 1. The age adjusted rate ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) of heart failure incidence from the years 1996–1998 to the years 2010–2012* among persons with type 2 diabetes compared to persons without diabetes in the population of Finland.

Year	Men aged	Men aged	Women aged	Women aged
	35–74 years	75–94 years	35–74 years	75–94 years
1996	3.73 (3.46–4.02)	1.23 (1.09–1.38)	3.90 (3.61–4.22)	1.05 (0.97–1.14)
1997	3.95 (3.67–4.26)	1.39 (1.25–1.55)	3.86 (3.56–4.19)	1.21 (1.12–1.30)
1998	4.47 (4.20–4.76)	1.33 (1.20–1.48)	3.71 (3.45–3.98)	1.12 (1.04–1.21)
–	–	–	–	–
2010	2.60 (2.45–2.76)	1.21 (1.12–1.30)	2.54 (2.34–2.75)	1.10 (1.03–1.17)
2011	2.35 (2.22–2.50)	1.20 (1.12–1.30)	2.57 (2.36–2.80)	1.10 (1.03–1.18)
2012	2.17 (2.04–2.31)	1.12 (1.03–1.21)	2.36 (2.16–2.58)	1.12 (1.05–1.20)

*All study years are shown in Appendix 2.

Figure 3. The incidence of heart failure (HF) by age among persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and persons without diabetes (DM) during 1996–2012 in Finland.

Table 2. The trends with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in the age adjusted incidence and prevalence of heart failure (HF) among men and women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and without diabetes (DM) during the period 1996–2012 in Finland.

	HF incidence in patients with T2DM				HF prevalence in patients with T2DM
	Men – age group		Women – age group		Men – age group		Women – age group
	35–74 years	75–94 years	35–74 years	75–94 years	35–74 years	75–94 years	35–74 years	75–94 years
Trend* %	−3.7	−1.9	−5.7	−1.5	−1.1	−2.0	−4.3	−3.2
95% CI	−4.0; −3.5	−2.2; −1.5	−6.0; −5.4	−1.8; −1.2	−1.2; −1.1	−2.1; −1.9	−4.4; −4.3	−3.3; −3.1
p	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
	HF incidence in patients without DM				HF prevalence in patients without DM
	Men – age group		Women – age group		Men – age group		Women – age group
	35–74 years	75–94 years	35–74 years	75–94 years	35–74 years	75–94 years	35–74 years	75–94 years
Trend* %	0.6	−0.7	−1.8	−1.1	0.4	−0.8	−2.0	−1.8
95% CI	0.5; 0.8	−0.9; −0.5	−2.0; −1.6	−1.2; −0.9	0.3; 0.5	−0.9; −0.7	−2.1; −1.9	−1.9; −1.7
p	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001

*Tested as a linear trend.

Table 3. The 1-year survival with heart failure of persons with type 2 diabetes compared to persons without diabetes, hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) during the periods 1996–2003 and 2004–2012 in Finland.

	Period 1996–2003	Period 2004–2012
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Crude	1.00 (0.96–1.04)	1.03 (0.99–1.05)
Adjusted for gender and age	1.16 (1.11–1.21)***	1.07 (1.04–1.10)***
Fully adjusted^a	1.15 (1.11–1.21)***	1.07 (1.05–1.10)***

^a Adjusted for gender, age, valvular disease, history of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy and hypertension, ***p<.001.