Reference values for the Modified Timed Up and Go Test in Saudi children aged 4–12 years old in Riyadh city: cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Anthropometric characteristics of the participants.

Boys									Girls
Age (years)	n (%)	Weight (Kg)	Height (cm)	BMI (%)	Categories of BMI (%)				n (%)	Weight (Kg)	Height (cm)	BMI (%)	Categories of BMI (%)
					UW	HW	OW	O					UW	HW	OW	O
4 to <5	38 (10.2)	17.85 ± 2.22	107.76 ± 4.47	40.16 ± 30.8	6 (15.8)	27 (71.1)	2 (5.3)	3 (7.9)	49 (11.3)	18.38 ± 2.92	106.61 ± 4.22	56.78*±33.51	3 (6.1)	30 (61.2)	7 (14.3)	9 (18.4)
5 to <6	35 (9.4)	20.42 ± 3.87	112.77 ± 5.45	50.49 ± 36.48	5 (14.4)	21 (60)	2 (5.7)	7 (20)	37 (8.6)	19.30 ± 4.12	111.22 ± 4.54	48.65 ± 31.06	3 (8.1)	29 (78.4)	3 (8.1)	2 (5.4)
6 to <7	44 (11.8)	22.02 ± 4.77	117.66*±4.80	44.41 ± 37.04	6 (13.6)	27 (61.4)	4 (9.1)	7 (15.9)	50 (11.6)	21.37 ± 4.52	115.04 ± 5.15	52.80 ± 34.04	3 (6)	33 (66)	8 (16)	6 (12)
7 to <8	31 (8.3)	26.4 ± 7.72	124.87 ± 7.80	53.42 ± 39.23	6 (19.4)	15 (48.4)	3 (9.7)	7 (22.6)	56 (13)	25.25 ± 6.51	122.20 ± 6.46	58.52 ± 30.89	3 (5.4)	38 (67.9)	7 (12.5)	8 (14.3)
8 to <9	44 (11.8)	30.23 ± 7.82	131.32**±7.12	59.25 ± 34.69	4 (9.1)	24 (54.5)	6 (13.6)	10 (22.7)	69 (16)	28.87 ± 7.46	127.04 ± 7.19	63.51 ± 30.66	2 (2.9)	45 (65.2)	8 (11.6)	14 (20.3)
9 to <10	47 (12.6)	30.4 ± 5.67	133.19 ± 5.76	54.78 ± 33.51	3 (6.4)	31 (66)	10 (21.3)	3 (6.4)	57 (13.2)	33.89 ± 9.81	132.51 ± 7.07	64.60 ± 33.54	2 (3.5)	30 (52.6)	10 (17.5)	15 (26.3)
10 to <11	77 (20.6)	41.17 ± 13.67	142.47 ± 7.98	64.24 ± 37.32	10 (13)	29 (21.3)	10 (13)	28 (36.4)	57 (13.2)	39.52 ± 10.88	141.04 ± 8.47	65.46 ± 31.81	3 (3.5)	31 (54.4)	11 (19.3)	12 (21.1)
11 to 12	57 (15.3)	39.69 ± 8.88	143.51 ± 6.51	60.58 ± 33.51	5 (8.8)	33 (57.9)	8 (14)	11 (19.3)	57 (13.2)	43.69*±12.11	147.12**±8.69	64.05 ± 30.38	4 (7)	36 (63.2)	10 (17.5)	7 (12.3)
Total	373 (46.34)	30.49 ± 11.95	129.47**±14.20	54.92 ± 35.92	45 (12.1)	207 (55.5)	45 (12.1)	76 (20.4)	432 (53.66)	29.55 ± 11.89	126.57 ± 14.75	60.06*±32.16	23 (5.3)	272 (63)	64 (16.9)	73 (16.9)

Variables were illustrated as mean ± standard deviation (SD) except the categories of body mass index (BMI) percentile (Perce.,) as frequency and percentage.

n: Number of participants; UW: underweight; HW: healthy weight, OW: overweight; O: Obesity.

*Significant difference between boys and girls. *p ˂ .05; **p < .01.

Table 2. Two-way ANOVA for the influence of age and sex in mTUG.

Source of Variation	Type III sum of squares	Df	Mean square	F	Sig	Partial η^2
Main effect of age	186.80	7	26.69	120.08	0.00	0.52
Main effect of sex	0.95	1	0.95	4.26	0.04	0.005
Interactive effect (age × sex)	4.50	7	0.64	2.89	0.01	0.025
Error	175.34	789	0.22
Total	17661.74	805
Corrected total	373.72	804

df: degrees of freedom, F: F-value, Sig.: significant level (<0.05), η²: eta-squared.

Figure 1. The mTUG test score by age and sex.

Table 3. Linear regression analysis for predicting mTUG.

Model	Independent variable	R	R^2	Unstandardised coefficient		Standardised coefficient	Sig.
				B	SE	β
1	(Constant)			6.27	0.07		0.00
	Age	0.66	0.44	−0.20	0.01	−0.66	0.00
2	(Constant)			6.27	0.07		0.00
	Age			−0.25	0.01	−0.84	0.00
	Weight	0.69	0.47	0.01	0.00	0.25	0.00

SE: standard error; Sig.: significant; B: unstandardised regression coefficient; β: standardised coefficient.

Figure 2. Comparison of mTUG scores measured in this study (Saudi) with previous studies.

Figure 3. Bland and Altman plot, of measured and predicted mTUG determined from the reference equation of Brazilian children [10]. r²: determination-coefficient; r: correlation-coefficient; p: probability. Upper confidence interval value (CI) = Mean +1.96 SD. Lower confidence interval value (CI) = Mean − 1.96 SD.

Nicolini-Panisson RDA, Donadio MVF. Normative values for the timed ‘up and go’ test in children and adolescents and validation for individuals with down syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014;56(5):490–497.

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author [M.A]. The data are not publicly available due to their containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.