E-learning readiness and perceived stress among the university students of Bangladesh during COVID-19: a countrywide cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of demographic and e-learning related characteristics (n = 1145).

Characteristics	n (%)
Perceived stress
Mild (0–13)	104 (9.08)
Moderate (14–26)	871 (76.07)
Higher (27–40)	170 (14.85)
E-learning readiness
Sub-optimal (<3.4)	666 (58.17)
Optimal (≥3.4)	479 (41.83)
Median age (IQR), year	22 (20.8–23.11)
Gender
Male	545 (47.60)
Female	600 (52.40)
Residence
Dhaka	805 (70.31)
Other than Dhaka	340 (29.69)
Parents’ highest education
Graduated	255 (22.27)
Under-graduate	686 (59.91)
Up to primary	204 (17.82)
Prefer e-learning
No	478 (41.75)
Yes	667 (58.25)
Family members prefer e-learning
No	677 (59.13)
Yes	468 (40.87)
Having a private place for e-learning
No	534 (46.64)
Yes	611 (53.36)
Having any eye problems
No	618 (53.97)
Yes	527 (46.03)

Table 2. Descriptive statistics and Cronbach alpha of PSS and e-learning readiness questionnaire (n = 1145).

Scale	Mean	Median	SD	IQR	Cronbach's alpha
PSS	21.03	21	6.01	18–24	0.81
E-learning readiness	127.54	127	27.05	111–145	0.95

Table 3. Multinomial logistic regression model between e-learning readiness and perceived e-learning stress among university students (n = 1145).

Variables	Moderate stress				High stress
	UOR	95% CI	AOR	95% CI	UOR	95% CI	AOR	95% CI
E-learning readiness
Sub-optimum	3.47	2.21–5.44	2.29**	1.39–3.77	11.15	6.27–19.84	4.25***	2.32–8.09
Optimum	Reference				Reference
Age	0.93	0.83–1.04	0.98	0.87–1.11	0.81	0.71–0.93	0.90	0.77–1.05
Gender
Female	1.26	0.83–1.89	1.02	0.65–1.59	2.22	1.35–3.66	1.29	0.73–2.25
Male	Reference				Reference
Residence
Other than Dhaka	2.09	1.23–3.54	1.87*	1.07–3.28	2.41	1.32–4.39	1.92	0.99–3.71
Dhaka	Reference				Reference
Parents’ highest education
Graduated	1.61	0.88–2.95	2.44**	1.27–4.72	1.22	0.57–2.62	2.63*	1.12–6.18
Under-graduate	1.62	0.98–2.67	2.18**	1.26–3.76	1.78	0.96–3.30	2.91**	1.45–5.86
Up to primary	Reference				Reference
Prefer e-learning
No	3.78	2.15–6.64	1.91	0.97–3.77	15.99	8.41–30.43	5.69***	2.55–12.70
Yes	Reference				Reference
Family members prefer e-learning
No	3.00	1.94–4.63	1.62	0.95–2.75	8.93	5.10–15.66	1.71	0.82–3.53
Yes	Reference				Reference
Having a private place for e-learning
No	1.77	1.15–2.73	1.25	0.77–2.02	3.75	2.23–6.29	1.70	0.94–3.08
Yes	Reference				Reference
Having any eye problems
Yes	1.65	1.07–2.53	1.43	0.91–2.23	3.41	2.04–5.70	2.53**	1.45–4.39
No	Reference				Reference

CI, Confidence interval; UOR, Unadjusted odds ratio; AOR, Adjusted odds ratio; P-value: *< 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001.

Data availability statement

The study’s dataset can be found by the following link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5110039