The correlation between physical and emotional stabilities: a cross-sectional observational preliminary study

Figures & data

Table 1. Participants' demographic characteristics (n = 36).

Characteristics
Age, year M (SD)	26.5 (3.7)
Body mass index, kg/m^2 M (SD)	21.78 (2.49)
	N	%
Sex
Female	26	72.2
Male	10	27.8
Field of study
Physiotherapy	13	38.8
Dance movement therapy	12	36.1
Art	8	25
Other	3	8.3
Medical problem
Yes	11	30.6
No	25	69.4
Medication consumption
Yes	8	22.2
No	28	77.8

M: mean; SD: standard deviation; kg: kilograms; m: metre.

Table 2. Descriptive results of the postural stability assessment, gait analysis, and grounding scores of study participants (n = 36).

Variables	Mean ± SD	Median	Minimum–maximum
Balance outcome measures: anterior-posterior
F-EO (cm)	2.67 ± 1.26	2.00	1.00–6.00
F-EC (cm)	2.42 ± 0.87	2.00	1.00–6.00
C-EO (cm)	3.61 ± 1.69	3.00	0.00–8.00
C-EC (cm)	4.36 ± 1.76	4.00	2.00–9.00
Medio-lateral
F-EO (cm)	2.42 ± 2.76	1	0–12
F-EC (cm)	1.72 ± 1.28	1	1–7
C-EO (cm)	3.53 ± 3.76	3	0–19
C-EC (cm)	2.72 ± 2.01	2	0–10
Gait outcome measures*
Stride length (cm)	118.54 ± 12.37	122.37	90.16–134.02
Cadence (steps/min)	99.18 ± 7.95	99.89	78.78–120.89
Velocity (cm/s)	102.14 ± 14.17	105.27	71.75–128.16
Swing time (s)	0.50 ± 0.03	0.49	0.43–0.59
Stance time (s)	0.70 ± 0.06	0.70	0.56–0.85
Stride time (s)	1.21 ± 0.09	1.20	0.99–1.41
Grounding quality-GAT scores
Total GAT score	3.80 ± 0.86	3.92	1.77–5.00
Fluid and rhythmic movement score	3.51 ± 1.11	3.60	1.00–5.00
Emotional expression in movement score	4.28 ± 0.93	4.33	1.00–5.00
Pattern of foot placement subcategory score	3.39 ± 1.64	4.00	1.00–5.00
Lack of stability and weightiness score	4.09 ± 0.96	4.33	1.00–5.00

GAT: grounding assessment tool; F-EO: firm surface with eyes open; F-EC: firm surface with eyes closed; C-EO: compliant foam with eyes open; C-EC: compliant foam with eyes closed; SD: standard deviation.

*All the gait outcome measures were collected from 30 participants.

Table 3. Results of Spearman’s correlations between the grounding assessment tool (GAT) and the balance and gait outcome measures (r, p-values) (n = 36).

Variable GAT scores	Total score	Fluid and rhythmic movement score	Emotional expression in movement score	Pattern of foot placement score	Lack of stability and weightiness score
Balance outcome measures: anterior-posterior
F-EO (cm)	−0.18, NS	−0.08, NS	−0.19, NS	−0.25, NS	−0.16, NS
F-EC (cm)	−0.34, 0.04	−0.26, NS	−0.45, 0.006	−0.40, 0.02	−0.08, NS
C-EO (cm)	0.15, NS	0.15, NS	0.09, NS	0.06, NS	0.15, NS
C-EC (cm)	−0.6, NS	−0.24, NS	−0.18, NS	−0.04, NS	−0.26, NS
Medio-lateral
F-EO (cm)	−0.25, NS	−0.18, NS	−0.28, NS	−0.25, NS	−0.16, NS
F-EC (cm)	−0.13, NS	−0.03, NS	−0.07, NS	−0.27, NS	0.008, NS
C-EO (cm)	−0.31, 0.06	−0.29, 0.09	0.09, NS	−0.42, 0.01	−0.27, NS
C-EC (cm)	−0.46, 0.005	−0.36, 0.03	−0.26, NS	−0.31, 0.07	−0.49, 0.002

GAT: grounding assessment tool; F-EO: firm surface with eyes open; F-EC: firm surface with eyes closed; C-EO: compliant foam with eyes open; C-EC: compliant foam with eyes closed; NS: not significant.

Data availability statement

Data are available by direct contact with the corresponding author ([email protected]).