Association of sodium voltage-gated channel genes polymorphisms with epilepsy risk and prognosis in the Saudi population

Figures & data

Table 1. General and clinical characteristic of the epilepsy cohort.

Parameter	Mean/frequency
Age at diagnosis	9.7 ± 7.986
BMI	23.2 ± 7.789
Duration of first seizure (sec)	8.703 ± 14.032
Gender	Male	51%
	Female	49%
Time to remission	No	28.5%
	Yes (seizure free immediately)	52.3%
	Yes (seizure free within 6 months)	18.7%
Epilepsy classification	Focal (partial) Onset	16%
	Generalized Onset	76%
	Combined generalized and focal Onset	8%
Seizure classification	Motor	94.6%
	Non-motor	5.4%
History of febrile seizure	Yes	11.9%
	No	88.1%
Family history of epilepsy	Yes	33.9%
	No	66.1%
AED Drug	Yes	6%
	No	94%
First drug responsiveness	Yes	64%
	No	36%
Relapse	Yes	45%
	No	55%
Periodic epilepsy	Yes	21%
	No	79%

Table 2. Description of SCN genes variants among epilepsy cases and healthy controls.

Gene	SNP ID	SNP position^a	Variant Consequence	Cases (n = 296)			Controls (n = 293)
				MA	MAF	HWE p value	MAF	HWE p value
SCN1A	rs3812718	2:166053034	Intron	T	0.46	0.73	0.40	0.05
	rs2298771	2:166036278	Missense	C	0.46	0.41	0.49	0.91
	rs10167228	2:166042592	Intron	T	0.46	0.41	0.49	0.91
	rs146733308	2:165991324	Missense	T	0.00	N/A	0.00	N/A
	rs35735053	2:165991411	Missense	G	0.00	N/A	0.00	N/A
	rs3749029	2:165991504	Missense	T	0.00	N/A	0.00	N/A
	rs6432858	2:166033433	Intron	C	0.46	0.41	0.49	1.00
	rs10194956	2:166046065	Intron	G	0.46	0.72	0.40	0.06
	rs146878122	2:166009822	Missense	A	0.00	0.10	0.00	N/A
	rs121918817	2:166045080	Missense	T	0.00	N/A	0.00	N/A
	rs121918624	2:166052882	Stop Gained	A	0.00	0.10	0.00	0.10
	rs2169312	2:166071386	Intron	C	0.17	0.68	0.18	0.69
	rs1461197	2:166067962	Intron	A	0.33	0.11	0.36	0.08
	rs13405797	2:166062652	Intron	A	0.17	0.84	0.17	0.53
	rs4667866	2:166059523	Intron	G	0.05	0.59	0.06	0.61
	rs10188577	2:166059387	Intron	C	0.28	0.001	0.23	0.87
	rs1020853	2:166023272	Intron	T	0.22	1.00	0.22	0.86
	rs7587026	2:166122240	Intron	A	0.24	0.01	0.19	1.0
	rs1381105	2:166068661	Intron	G	0.24	0.43	0.25	0.54
	rs2162600	2:166069891	Intron	C	0.18	0.55	0.18	0.69
	rs10182473	2:166017213	Intron	C	0.22	1.00	0.22	0.87
	rs16851381	2:166056929	Intron	G	0.05	1.00	0.06	0.61
	rs4667869	2:166066849	Intron	G	0.18	0.55	0.17	0.55
	rs11692675	2:166069918	Intron	C	0.29	1e-3	0.24	0.53
	rs10497275	2:165990220	Intron	G	0.05	0.59	0.06	0.61
	rs7577411	2:165989284	Non Coding Transcript	A	0.02	1.00	0.03	1e-3
	rs10930195	2:166045896	Intron	A	0.46	0.72	0.40	0.04
	rs6432861	2:166046718	Intron	T	0.45	0.051	0.40	0.14
	rs7580482	2:166046935	Synonymous	T	0.48	0.73	0.51	0.48
	rs13383628	2:166047150	Intron	T	0.46	0.64	0.4	0.051
	rs1841546	2:166052594	Intron	T	0.43	0.53	0.4	0.03
	rs6722462	2:166075016	Intron	C	0.33	0.09	0.36	0.10
	rs6432860	2:166041354	Synonymous	A	0.46	0.35	0.49	1.00
	rs994399	2:166048970	Intron	G	0.48	0.73	0.51	0.41
	rs1542484	2:166048865	Intron	A	0.46	0.72	0.4	0.05
	rs1461193	2:166047836	Intron	G	0.46	0.41	0.49	0.91
	rs11690959	2:166047515	Intron	A	0.45	0.73	0.40	0.07
	rs7601520	2:166036571	Intron	G	0.45	0.40	0.49	0.81
SCN2A	rs12467383	2:165369259	Intron	A	0.06	1.00	0.07	1.00
	rs2304016	2:165311993	Intron	G	0.00	N/A	0.00	N/A
	rs17183814	2:165295879	Missense	A	0.04	1e-3	0.04	5e-4
	rs1965757	2:165308377	Intron	G	0.29	0.16	0.32	0.68
	rs353139	2:165289717	Intron	C	0.36	0.30	0.38	0.90
	rs7581811	2:165300655	Intron	C	0.36	0.8	0.39	0.90
	rs2116658	2:165310162	Intron	T	0.38	0.08	0.41	0.33
	rs12993173	2:165326704	Intron	G	0.37	0.45	0.40	1.00
	rs4667485	2:165363235	Intron	C	0.28	0.89	0.20	0.58
	rs1469649	2:165370597	Intron	G	0.29	0.78	0.21	1.00
	rs3816002	2:165342576	Intron	G	0.00	N/A	0.00	N/A
	rs1579865	2:165335204	Intron	A	0.37	0.17	0.42	0.54
	rs935403	2:165328783	Intron	C	0.34	0.24	0.38	0.80
	rs7592445	2:165303176	Intron	C	0.29	0.26	0.31	0.78
	rs2119067	2:165270773	Intron	C	0.18	1.00	0.16	0.66
	rs2119068	2:165270664	Intron	C	0.42	0.90	0.43	1.00
	rs10197716	2:165268464	Intron	G	0.27	0.30	0.27	0.12
	rs353112	2:165280573	Intron	C	0.45	0.10	0.44	0.40
	rs6740895	2:165283510	Intron	C	0.23	0.11	0.26	0.37
	rs3943809	2:165344371	Intron	G	0.06	1.00	0.07	1.00
	rs16850331	2:165292743	Intron	T	0.07	0.63	0.08	1.00
	rs12614399	2:165293790	Intron	C	0.07	0.63	0.08	1.00
	rs10182570	2:165253124	Intron	C	0.26	0.45	0.27	0.18
	rs1446579	2:165267091	Intron	G	0.46	0.41	0.47	0.56
SCN3A	rs7598098	2:165109768	Intron	C	0.22	0.49	0.26	0.36
	rs11903851	2:165134943	Intron	T	0.26	<1e-4	0.25	1.00
	rs1439807	2:165143358	Intron	G	0.28	<1e-4	0.26	0.88
	rs12615864	2:165175282	Intron	A	0.07	0.14	0.09	0.72
	rs16850186	2:165167410	Intron	A	0.10	0.33	0.14	0.22
	rs1439806	2:165135256	Intron	A	0.26	0.35	0.23	0.17
	rs7596422	2:165151706	Intron	G	0.50	0.56	0.48	0.82
SCN1B	rs3746255	19:35033642	Synonymous	T	0.00	N/A	0.00	N/A
	rs745394799	19:35034182	Intron	T	0.00	N/A	0.00	N/A
	rs2305748	19:35039234	Missense	T	0.00	N/A	0.00	N/A
	rs72550243	19:35039332	Intron	T	0.00	1.00	0.00	1.00
	rs55742440	19:35033920	Missense	T	0.45	0.03	0.43	0.72
	rs67701503	19:35034035	Missense	A	0.19	0.01	0.16	1.00
	rs67486287	19:35034040	Missense	C	0.18	0.02	0.15	1.00
SCN2B	rs8192613	11:118167098	Intron	T	0.38	0.81	0.40	0.27
	rs8192614	11:118166849	3 Prime UTR	A	0.13	1.00	0.13	0.11
SCN3B	rs3851100	11:123653202	Intron	C	0.07	0.18	0.07	0.64
	rs1783901	11:123642798	Intron	T	0.28	0.19	0.24	0.33
SCN8A	rs303777	12:51754412	Intron	A	0.27	0.1	0.25	0.76
	rs11169883	12:51597548	Intron	T	0.41	0.06	0.46	0.24
	rs303778	12:51750944	Intron	G	0.15	1.00	0.13	1.00

^aChromosome positions are based on NCBI Human Genome Assembly Build.

MA: minor allele; MAF: minor allele frequency; HWE: Hardy—Weinberg equilibrium.

Figure 1. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plots of variants within SCN2A. Values in the boxes from top to bottom are D, D′, r and p value. Boxes without numbers have D′= 1. Red boxes indicate a significant, whereas yellow boxes indicate insignificant variants.

Table 3. Genetic association between the SCN polymorphisms and epilepsy.

Gene	SNP ID	Allelic and Genotypic Frequencies in Cases and Controls
		Allele/ Genotype	Cases (n = 296)	Controls (n = 293)	p value*
SCN1A	rs3812718	C	322 (54%)	349 (60%)	.06
		T	270 (46%)	235 (40%)
		C/C	96 (32.9%)	89 (30.1%)	.039
		C/T	157 (53.8%)	144 (48.6%)
		T/T	39 (13.4%)	63 (21.3%)
	rs2298771	T	319 (54%)	297 (51%)	.27
		C	271 (46%)	287 (49%)
		T/T	90 (30.5%)	76 (26%)	.48
		C/T	139 (47.1%)	145 (49.7%)
		C/C	66 (22.4%)	71 (24.3%)
	rs10167228	A	319 (54%)	294 (51%)	.25
		T	2714 6 (%)	286 (49%)
		A/A	90 (30.5%)	75 (25.9%)	.45
		A/T	139 (47.1%)	144 (49.7%)
		T/T	66 (22.4%)	71 (24.5%)
	rs6432858	T	320 (54%)	295 (51%)	.25
		C	272 (46%)	287 (49%)
		T/T	90 (30.4%)	75 (25.8%)	.45
		T/C	140 (47.3%)	145 (49.8%)
		C/C	66 (22.3%)	71 (24.4%)
	rs10194956	G	318 (54%)	334 (60%)	.06
		A	266 (46%	224 (40%)
		G/G	88 (30.1%)	92 (33%)	.041
		A/G	142 (48.6%)	150 (53.8%)
		A/A	62 (21.2%)	37 (13.3%)
	rs2169312	T	473 (83%)	478 (82%	.70
		C	97 (17%)	104 (18%)
		T/T	197 (69.1%)	195 (67%)	.78
		T/C	79 (27.7%)	88 (30.2%)
		C/C	9 (3.2%)	8 (2.8%)
	rs1461197	G	390 (67%)	372 (64%)	.27
		A	192 (33%)	210 (36%)
		G/G	137 (47.1%)	126 (43.3%)	.57
		G/A	116 (39.9%)	120 (41.2%)
		A/A	38 (13.1%)	45 (15.5%)
	rs13405797	G	490 (83%)	486 (83%)	.84
		A	102 (17%)	98 (17%)
		G/G	202 (68.2%)	200 (68.5%)	.87
		G/A	86 (29.1%)	86 (29.4%)
		A/A	8 (2.7%)	6 (2%)
	rs4667866	A	560 (95%)	550 (94%)	.76
		G	32 (0.05%)	1834 (0.06%)
		A/A	265 (89.5%)	258 (88.4%)	.43
		A/G	30 (10.1%)	34 (11.6%)
		G/G	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)
	rs1020853	G	459 (78%)	455 (78%)	.95
		T	129 (22%)	129 (22%)
		G/G	179 (60.9%)	178 (61%)	.98
		G/T	101 (34.4%)	99 (33.9%)
		T/T	14 (4.8%)	15 (5.1%)
	rs1381105	T	448 (76%)	436 (75%)	.54
		G	140 (24%)	148 (25%)
		T/T	173 (58.8%)	165 (56.5%)	.84
		G/T	102 (34.7%)	106 (36.3%)
		G/G	19 (6.5%)	21 (7.2%)
	rs2162600	T	487 (82%)	479 (82%)	.91
		C	105 (18%)	105 (18%)
		T/T	202 (68.2%)	195 (66.8%)	.68
		T/C	83 (28%)	89 (30.5%)
		C/C	11 (3.7%)	8 (2.7%)
	rs10182473	T	457 (78%)	451 (78%)	N/A
		C	131 (22%)	129 (22%)
		T/T	177 (60.2%)	176 (60.7%)	.96
		C/T	103 (35%)	99 (34.1%)
		C/C	14 (4.8%)	15 (5.2%)
	rs16851381	A	560 (95%)	549 (94%)	.84
		G	32 (0.05%)	33 (6%)
		A/A	265 (89.5%)	258 (88.7%)	.45
		A/G	30 (10.1%)	33 (11.3%)
		G/G	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)
	rs4667869	C	483 (82%)	481 (83%)	.82
		G	105 (18%)	101 (17%)
		C/C	200 (68%)	197 (67.7%)	.61
		G/C	83 (28.2%)	87 (29.9%)
		G/G	11 (3.7%)	7 (2.4%)
	rs10497275	A	560 (95%)	551 (94%)	.85
		G	32 (0.05%)	33 (.06%)
		A/A	265 (89.5%)	259 (88.7%)	.46
		G/A	30 (10.1%)	33 (11.3%)
		G/G	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)
	rs6432861	C	303 (55%)	343 (60%)	.11
		T	243 (45%)	227 (40%)
		C/C	92 (33.7%)	97 (34%)	.014
		T/C	119 (43.6%)	149 (52.3%)
		T/T	62 (22.7%)	39 (13.7%)
	rs7580482	C	306 (52%)	284 (49%)	.32
		T	284 (48%)	296 (51%)
		C/C	81 (27.5%)	66 (22.8%)	.42
		C/T	144 (48.8%)	152 (52.4%)
		T/T	70 (23.7%)	72 (24.8%)
	rs13383628	T	320 (54%)	347 (60%)	.07
		C	268 (46%)	235 (40%)
		T/T	89 (30.3%)	95 (32.6%)	.036
		T/C	142 (48.3%)	157 (54%)
		C/C	63 (21.4%)	39 (13.4%)
	rs6722462	T	394 (67%)	372 (64%)	.30
		C	198 (33%)	212 (36%)
		T/T	138 (46.6%)	125 (42.8%)	.61
		T/C	118 (39.9%)	122 (41.8%)
		C/C	40 (13.5%)	45 (15.4%)
	rs6432860	G	319 (54%)	295 (51%)	.27
		A	273 (46%)	287 (49%)
		G/G	90 (30.4%)	75 (25.8%)	.46
		G/A	139 (47%)	145 (49.8%)
		A/A	67 (22.6%)	71 (24.4%)
	rs994399	A	306 (52%)	285 (49%)	.32
		G	284 (48%)	297 (51%)
		A/A	81 (27.5%)	66 (22.7%)	.41
		A/G	144 (48.8%)	153 (52.6%)
		G/G	70 (23.7%)	72 (24.7%)
	rs1542484	A	315 (54%)	348 (60%)	.05
		G	265 (46%)	232 (40%)
		A/A	87 (30%)	96 (33.1%)	.03
		G/A	141 (48.6%)	156 (53.8%)
		G/G	62 (21.4%)	38 (13.1%)
	rs1461193	A	320 (54%)	297 (51%)	.27
		G	272 (46%)	287 (49)
		A/A	90 (30.4%)	76 (26%)	.49
		G/A	140 (47.3%)	145 (49.7%)
		G/G	66 (22.3%)	71 (24.3%)
	rs11690959	G	321 (55%)	345 (60%)	.08
		A	267 (45%)	233 (40%
		G/G	89 (30.3%)	95 (32.9%)	.05
		A/G	143 (48.6%)	155 (53.6%)
		A/A	62 (21.1%)	39 (13.5%)
	rs7601520	A	310 (55%)	291 (51%)	.19
		G	258 (45%)	283 (49%)
		A/A	88 (31%)	75 (26.1%)	.40
		G/A	134 (47.2%)	141 (49.1%)
		G/G	62 (21.8%)	71 (24.7%)
SCN2A	rs12467383	G	554 (94%)	544 (93%)	.60
		A	36 (0.06%)	40 ( (0.07%)
		G/G	260 (88.1%)	253 (86.6%)	.86
		G/A	34 (11.5%)	38 (13%)
		A/A	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.3%)
	rs1965757	A	419 (71%)	397 (68%)	.39
		G	173 (29%)	183 (32%)
		A/A	143 (48.3%)	134 (46.2%)	.51
		G/A	133 (44.9%)	129 (44.5%)
		G/G	20 (6.8%)	27 (9.3%)
	rs353139	T	365 (64%)	356 (62%)	.31
		C	201 (36%)	222 (38%)
		T/T	122 (43.1%)	110 (38.1%)	.46
		T/C	121 (42.8%)	136 (47.1%)
		C/C	40 (14.1%)	43 (14.9%)
	rs7581811	G	380 (64%)	352 (61%)	.22
		C	212 (36%)	228 (39%)
		G/G	123 (41.5%)	106 (36.5%)	.44
		C/G	134 (45.3%)	140 (48.3%)
		C/C	39 (13.2%)	44 (15.2%)
	rs2116658	C	365 (62%)	344 (59%)	.24
		T	219 (38%)	238 (41%)
		C/C	121 (41.4%)	106 (36.4%)	.46
		C/T	123 (42.1%)	132 (45.4%)
		T/T	48 (16.4%)	53 (18.2%)
	rs12993173	T	367 (63%)	349 (60%)	.28
		G	213 (37%)	231 (40%)
		T/T	119 (41%)	105 (36.2%)	.49
		G/T	129 (44.5%)	139 (47.9%)
		G/G	42 (14.5%)	46 (15.9%)
	rs4667485	G	424 (72%)	470 (80%)	4e-4
		C	168 (28%)	114 (20%)
		G/G	151 (51%)	187 (64%)	1e-3
		C/G	122 (41.2%)	96 (32.9%)
		C/C	23 (7.8%)	9 (3.1%)
	rs1469649	A	412 (71%)	461 (79%)	1e-3
		G	168 (29%)	121 (21%)
		A/A	145 (50%)	182 (62.5%)	5e-3
		A/G	122 (42.1%)	97 (33.3%)
		G/G	23 (7.9%)	12 (4.1%)
	rs1579865	G	370 (63%)	330 (58%)	.08
		A	214 (37%)	236 (42%)
		G/G	123 (42.1%)	99 (35%)	.2
		G/A	124 (42.5%)	132 (46.6%)
		A/A	45 (15.4%)	52 (18.4%)
	rs935403	T	392 (66%)	360 (62%)	.18
		C	200 (34%)	216 (38%)
		T/T	125 (42.2%)	111 (38.5%)	.32
		T/C	142 (48%)	138 (47.9%)
		C/C	29 (9.8%)	39 (13.5%)
	rs7592445	T	419 (71%)	398 (69%)	.33
		C	169 (29%)	182 (31%)
		T/T	145 (49.3%)	135 (46.5%)	.5
		C/T	129 (43.9%)	128 (44.1%)
		C/C	20 (6.8%)	27 (9.3%)
	rs2119067	T	487 (82%)	491 (84%)	.41
		C	105 (18%)	93 (16%)
		T/T	200 (67.6%)	205 (70.2%)	.65
		C/T	87 (29.4%)	81 (27.7%)
		C/C	9 (3%)	6 (2%)
	rs2119068	G	345 (58%)	333 (57%)	.71
		C	245 (42%)	247 (43%)
		G/G	100 (33.9%)	95 (32.8%)	.93
		C/G	145 (49.1%)	143 (49.3%)
		C/C	50 (16.9%)	52 (17.9%)
	rs10197716	A	420 (73%)	395 (73%)	.94
		G	158 (27%)	147 (27%)
		A/A	156 (54%)	149 (55%)	.92
		G/A	108 (37.4%)	97 (35.8%)
		G/G	25 (8.7%)	25 (9.2%)
	rs353112	G	323 (55%)	325 (56%)	.57
		C	269 (45%)	253 (44%)
		G/G	95 (32.1%)	95 (32.9%)	.75
		G/C	133 (44.9%)	135 (46.7%)
		C/C	68 (23%)	59 (20.4%)
	rs6740895	T	454 (77%)	431 (74%)	.25
		C	138 (23%)	153 (26%)
		T/T	179 (60.5%)	162 (55.5%)	.47
		C/T	96 (32.4%)	107 (36.6%)
		C/C	21 (7.1%)	23 (7.9%)
	rs3943809	A	553 (94%)	544 (93%)	.69
		G	37 (0.06%)	40 (0.07%)
		A/A	259 (87.8%)	253 (86.6%)	.91
		G/A	35 (11.9%)	38 (13%)
		G/G	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.3%)
	rs16850331	C	551 (93%)	539 (92%)	.47
		T	39 (0.07%)	45 (0.08%)
		C/C	258 (87.5%)	248 (84.9%)	.51
		T/C	35 (11.9%)	43 (14.7%)
		T/T	2 (0.7%)	1 (0.3%)
	rs12614399	G	552 (93%)	538 (0.92%)	.46
		C	40 (0.07%)	46 (0.08%)
		G/G	258 (87.2%)	247 (84.6%)	.51
		C/G	36 (12.2%)	44 (15.1%)
		C/C	2 (0.7%)	1 (0.3%)
	rs10182570	A	438 (74%)	427 (73%)	.73
		C	152 (26%)	155 (27%)
		A/A	165 (55.9%)	161 (55.3%)	.88
		C/A	108 (36.6%)	105 (36.1%)
		C/C	22 (7.5%)	25 (8.6%)
	rs1446579	G	316 (54%)	301 (52%)	.45
		A	268 (46%)	279 (48%)
		G/G	89 (30.5%)	75 (25.9%)	.41
		G/A	138 (47.3%)	151 (52.1%)
		A/A	65 (22.3%)	64 (22.1%)
SCN3A	rs7598098	G	447 (78%)	428 (74%)	.15
		C	127 (22%)	148 (26%)
		G/G	176 (61.3%)	162 (56.2%)	.38
		C/G	95 (33.1%)	104 (36.1%)
		C/C	16 (5.6%)	22 (7.6%)
	rs12615864	G	544 (93%)	531 (91%)	.16
		A	40 (0.07%)	53 (0.09%)
		G/G	255 (87.3%)	242 (82.9%)	.30
		A/G	34 (11.6%)	47 (16.1%)
		A/A	3 (1%)	3 (1%)
	rs16850186	G	535 (90%)	502 (86%)	.03
		A	57 (10%)	80 (14%)
		G/G	243 (82.1%)	219 (75.3%)	.1
		A/G	49 (16.6%)	64 (22%)
		A/A	4 (1.4%)	8 (2.8%)
	rs1439806	G	422 (74%)	441 (77%)	.22
		A	146 (26%)	129 (23%)
		G/G	160 (56.3%)	166 (58.2%)	.08
		G/A	102 (35.9%)	109 (38.2%)
		A/A	22 (7.8%)	10 (3.5%)
	rs7596422	A	296 (50%)	299 (52%)	.64
		G	294 (50%)	281 (48%)
		A/A	77 (26.1%)	78 (26.9%)	.86
		G/A	142 (48.1%)	143 (49.3%)
		G/G	76 (25.8%)	69 (23.8%)
SCN1B	rs72550243	C	592 (100%)	581 (99%)	.08
		T	0 (0%)	3 (0.01%)
		C/C	296 (100%)	289 (99%)	.04
		C/T	0 (0%)	3 (1%)
SCN2B	rs8192613	G	366 (62%)	351 (60%)	.54
		T	226 (38%)	233 (40%)
		G/G	114 (38.5%)	110 (37.7%)	.69
		G/T	138 (46.6%)	131 (44.9%)
		T/T	44 (14.9%)	51 (17.5%)
	rs8192614	G	516 (87%)	506 (87%)	.96
		A	76 (13%)	74 (13%)
		G/G	225 (76%)	224 (77.2%)	.56
		G/A	66 (22.3%)	58 (20%)
		A/A	5 (1.7%)	8 (2.8%)
SCN3B	rs3851100	T	534 (93%)	541 (93%)	.87
		C	42 (0.07%)	41 (0.07%)
		T/T	249 (86.5%)	252 (86.6%)	.9
		T/C	36 (12.5%)	37 (12.7%)
		C/C	3 (1%)	2 (0.7%)
	rs1783901	C	426 (72%)	442 (76%)	.12
		T	166 (28%)	140 (24%)
		C/C	158 (53.4%)	171 (58.8%)	.32
		C/T	110 (37.2%)	100 (34.4%)
		T/T	28 (9.5%)	20 (6.9%)
SCN8A	rs303777	G	424 (73%)	433 (75%)	.42
		A	158 (27%)	145 (25%)
		G/G	160 (55%)	163 (56.4%)	.48
		G/A	104 (35.7%)	107 (37%)
		A/A	27 (9.3%)	19 (6.6%)
	rs11169883	C	351 (59%)	312 (54%)	.05
		T	241 (41%)	270 (46%)
		C/C	112 (37.8%)	89 (30.6%)	.15
		T/C	127 (42.9%)	134 (46%)
		T/T	57 (19.3%)	68 (23.4%)
	rs303778	A	503 (85%)	509 (87%)	.28
		G	89 (15%)	75 (13%)
		A/A	213 (72%)	221 (75.7%)	.54
		A/G	77 (26%)	67 (22.9%)
		G/G	6 (2%)	4 (1.4%)

*p value <0.025 was considered as significant after performing Bonferroni correction.

Table 4. Regression analysis of SCN variants and epilepsy features.

Gene	SNP ID	Age at diagnosis	Duration of first seizure	BMI	VIT.D	VIT B12
SCN1A	rs3812718	0.428	0.193	0.261	0.899	0.532
	rs2298771	0.993	0.399	0.757	0.413	0.134
	rs10167228	0.640	0.094	0.425	0.153	0.495
	rs6432858	0.994	0.460	0.745	0.413	0.134
	rs10194956	0.149	0.043	0.323	0.065	0.807
	rs2169312	0.598	0.070	0.614	0.383	0.622
	rs1461197	0.891	0.510	0.378	0.552	0.125
	rs13405797	0.435	0.093	0.337	0.431	0.350
	rs4667866	0.071	0.997	0.897	0.082	0.310
	rs1020853	0.950	0.141	0.119	0.547	0.807
	rs1381105	0.503	0.153	0.289	0.242	0.580
	rs2162600	0.597	0.67	0.567	0.431	0.530
	rs10182473	0.611	0.264	0.168	0.179	0.580
	rs16851381	0.071	0.997	0.897	0.082	0.310
	rs4667869	0.812	0.010	0.239	0.434	0.350
	rs10497275	0.071	0.997	0.897	0.082	0.310
	rs6432861	0.425	0.147	0.713	0.702	0.645
	rs7580482	0.710	0.102	0.342	0.184	0.495
	rs13383628	0.146	0.057	0.254	0.087	0.807
	rs6722462	0.811	0.565	0.310	0.552	0.125
	rs6432860	0.926	0.486	0.894	0.413	0.134
	rs994399	0.125	0.722	0.335	0.184	0.495
	rs1542484	0.388	0.150	0.353	0.865	0.532
	rs1461193	0.652	0.117	0.146	0.153	0.495
	rs11690959	0.052	0.165	0.231	0.087	0.807
	rs7601520	0.433	0.071	0.522	0.259	0.495
SCN2A	rs12467383	0.544	0.254	0.888	0.913	0.968
	rs1965757	0.663	0.230	0.913	0.787	0.138
	rs353139	0.471	0.084	0.892	0.941	0.435
	rs7581811	0.809	0.810	0.583	0.959	0.766
	rs2116658	0.888	0.516	0.315	0.575	0.893
	rs12993173	0.826	0.798	0.848	0.748	0.766
	rs4667485	0.705	0.122	0.825	0.518	0.215
	rs1469649	0.452	0.693	0.869	0.858	0.339
	rs1579865	0.931	0.244	0.295	0.294	0.893
	rs935403	0.464	0.588	0.618	0.814	0.436
	rs7592445	0.591	0.226	0.892	0.787	0.138
	rs2119067	0.581	0.101	0.541	0.662	0.523
	rs2119068	0.388	0.632	0.630	0.243	0.881
	rs10197716	0.663	0.332	0.815	0.664	0.785
	rs353112	0.867	0.822	0.295	0.924	0.005
	rs6740895	0.973	0.136	0.373	0.411	0.865
	rs3943809	0.793	0.234	0.962	0.998	0.968
	rs16850331	0.652	0.251	0.909	0.922	0.968
	rs12614399	0.795	0.234	0.822	0.998	0.968
	rs10182570	0.405	0.598	0.536	0.429	0.793
	rs1446579	0.300	0.796	0.466	0.206	0.881
SCN3A	rs7598098	0.931	0.288	0.169	0.747	0.533
	rs12615864	0.315	0.844	0.176	0.220	N/A
	rs16850186	0.997	0.812	0.717	0.154	0.312
	rs1439806	0.271	0.754	0.984	0.834	0.474
	rs7596422	0.966	0.869	0.988	0.195	0.608
SCN2B	rs8192613	0.109	0.331	0.235	0.955	0.877
	rs8192614	0.964	0.358	0.115	0.275	0.923
SCN3B	rs3851100	0.279	0.804	0.672	0.956	0.578
	rs1783901	0.574	0.887	0.776	0.624	0.391
SCN8A	rs303777	0.374	0.682	0.989	0.617	0.794
	rs11169883	0.527	0.735	0.545	0.166	0.792
	rs303778	0.155	0.914	0.754	0.081	0.002

Linear regression using ANOVA test.

p value <.05 is significant.

Table 5. Regression analysis of SCN variants and epilepsy features.

Gene	SNP ID	gender	relapse	History of febrile seizure	periodic Seizure	Time to remission	Drug responsiveness	drug level	Family history of epilepsy	Epilepsy classification	Seizure classification
SCN1A	rs3812718	0.060	0.054	0.375	0.268	0.588	0.820	0.382	0.645	0.458	0.976
	rs2298771	0.398	0.118	0.781	0.268	0.632	0.914	0.987	0.552	0.220	0.685
	rs10167228	0.124	0.322	0.670	0.489	0.347	0.947	0.053	0.426	0.436	0.661
	rs6432858	0.430	0.104	0.797	0.281	0.585	0.882	0.975	0.609	0.216	0.695
	rs10194956	0.189	0.272	0.156	0.618	0.771	0.248	0.018	0.491	0.953	0.477
	rs2169312	0.084	0.156	0.006	0.660	0.383	0.098	0.310	0.067	0.669	0.859
	rs1461197	0.137	0.549	0.203	0.062	0.088	0.664	0.155	0.206	0.337	0.101
	rs13405797	0.105	0.257	0.023	0.734	0.772	0.068	0.289	0.035	0.635	0.731
	rs4667866	0.896	0.324	0.988	0.497	0.317	0.454	0.599	0.910	0.759	0.218
	rs1020853	0.098	0.523	0.667	0.197	0.704	0.347	0.718	0.431	0.185	0.980
	rs1381105	0.054	0.376	0.051	0.346	0.136	0.348	0.518	0.035	0.521	0.378
	rs2162600	0.088	0.436	0.026	0.720	0.501	0.116	0.308	0.065	0.656	0.841
	rs10182473	0.099	0.500	0.167	0.530	0.073	0.228	0.247	0.114	0.359	0.769
	rs16851381	0.896	0.324	0.988	0.497	0.317	0.454	0.599	0.910	0.759	0.218
	rs4667869	0.082	0.490	0.238	0.378	0.428	0.195	0.704	0.344	0.509	0.779
	rs10497275	0.896	0.324	0.988	0.497	0.317	0.454	0.599	0.910	0.759	0.218
	rs6432861	0.388	0.055	0.208	0.431	0.742	0.898	0.415	0.588	0.561	0.993
	rs7580482	0.173	0.587	0.484	0.905	0.445	0.970	0.053	0.466	0.430	0.693
	rs13383628	0.228	0.215	0.155	0.728	0.823	0.262	0.040	0.574	0.958	0.471
	rs6722462	0.256	0.585	0.191	0.068	0.075	0.807	0.147	0.466	0.325	0.096
	rs6432860	0.391	0.091	0.777	0.264	0.587	0.921	0.990	0.644	0.170	0.682
	rs994399	0.191	0.546	0.472	0.882	0.408	0.939	0.051	0.517	0.424	0.703
	rs1542484	0.382	0.062	0.591	0.268	0.713	0.671	0.628	0.586	0.457	0.974
	rs1461193	0.139	0.293	0.655	0.508	0.314	0.979	0.051	0.476	0.430	0.671
	rs11690959	0.212	0.197	0.148	0.654	0.781	0.284	0.039	0.541	0.948	0.482
	rs7601520	0.193	0.456	0.930	0.649	0.447	0.904	0.050	0.639	0.550	0.666
SCN2A	rs12467383	0.096	0.253	0.876	0.716	0.980	0.069	0.167	0.922	0.298	0.317
	rs1965757	0.022	0.690	0.072	0.733	0.347	0.334	0.670	0.762	0.708	0.090
	rs353139	0.099	0.104	0.040	0.814	0.787	0.047	0.395	0.368	0.680	0.419
	rs7581811	0.035	0.115	0.586	0.711	0.906	0.262	0.919	0.872	0.767	0.517
	rs2116658	0.642	0.542	0.500	0.542	0.939	0.553	0.690	0.267	0.502	0.165
	rs12993173	0.082	0.248	0.370	0.643	0.909	0.584	0.831	0.531	0.882	0.602
	rs4667485	0.167	0.875	0.609	0.011	0.815	1.00	0.695	0.319	0.555	0.994
	rs1469649	0.257	0.841	0.679	0.040	0.911	0.774	0.594	0.743	0.228	0.782
	rs1579865	0.407	0.559	0.492	0.769	0.989	0.300	0.452	0.097	0.547	0.131
	rs935403	0.197	0.666	0.131	0.337	0.461	0.271	0.946	0.897	0.853	0.014
	rs7592445	0.021	0.717	0.052	0.720	0.624	0.430	0.574	0.793	0.848	0.102
	rs2119067	0.540	0.367	0.050	0.753	0.712	0.349	0.515	0.023	0.062	0.975
	rs2119068	0.266	0.059	0.132	0.209	0.452	0.519	0.941	0.692	0.294	0.918
	rs10197716	0.489	0.656	0.226	0.055	0.928	0.986	0.536	0.070	0.070	0.422
	rs353112	0.851	0.980	0.271	0.006	0.279	0.354	0.203	0.769	0.851	0.209
	rs6740895	0.374	0.945	0.986	0.614	0.650	0.148	0.276	0.478	0.821	0.840
	rs3943809	0.044	0.426	0.828	0.716	0.984	0.067	0.325	0.898	0.297	0.320
	rs16850331	0.066	0.347	0.783	0.583	0.947	0.042	0.151	0.802	0.174	0.813
	rs12614399	0.049	0.452	0.485	0.580	0.980	0.034	0.181	0.641	0.170	0.844
	rs10182570	0.712	0.954	0.782	0.001	0.711	0.455	0.378	0.833	0.039	0.578
	rs1446579	0.427	0.518	0.268	0.310	0.334	0.260	0.808	0.757	0.525	0.371
SCN3A	rs7598098	0.024	0.277	0.980	0.350	0.751	0.972	0.571	0.194	0.923	0.235
	rs12615864	0.662	0.740	0.935	0.538	0.798	0.862	0.292	0.118	0.418	0.260
	rs16850186	0.636	0.382	0.489	0.716	0.847	0.535	0.706	0.848	0.165	0.154
	rs1439806	0.622	0.900	0.726	0.277	0.190	0.544	0.115	0.821	0.971	0.895
	rs7596422	0.090	0.567	0.088	0.602	0.564	0.169	0.011	0.474	0.651	0.753
SCN2B	rs8192613	0.798	0.125	0.730	0.465	0.367	0.963	0.464	0.135	0.655	0.864
	rs8192614	0.626	0.612	0.150	0.257	0.438	0.291	0.415	0.660	0.256	0.551
SCN3B	rs3851100	0.387	0.427	0.148	0.578	0.603	0.997	0.474	0.289	0.232	0.312
	rs1783901	0.246	0.754	0.999	0.114	0.489	0.173	0.929	0.578	0.141	0.073
SCN8A	rs303777	0.918	0.645	0.479	0.225	0.245	0.786	0.692	0.764	0.746	0.961
	rs11169883	0.393	0.806	0.989	0.623	0.111	0.781	0.019	0.105	0.249	0.058
	rs303778	0.381	0.906	0.316	0.019	0.434	0.572	0.705	0.556	0.178	0.329

Linear regression using Pearson's r test.

p value <.05 is significant.

Data availability statement

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.