Person-centred care in individuals with stroke: a qualitative study using in-depth interviews

Figures & data

Table 1. Semi-structured interview guide.

Research areas	Questions
To be treated as a person; meaning	During rehabilitation, what does it mean to you to be treated as a person?
The person's background	What aspects of your life as an individual do you consider key in your relationship with healthcare professionals during your rehabilitation?
Elements of PCC^a	What factors or elements do you think are relevant to the application of PCC by health professionals during rehabilitation?
Barriers and enablers in the application of PCC^a during rehabilitation	What barriers can influence the application of PCC^a during your rehabilitation? And enablers?
Training to implement PCC^a	How should health professionals apply PCC^a during their rehabilitation? When? What skills, abilities or knowledge should health professionals have in order to apply PCC^a?

^aPerson-centred care.

Figure 1. Description of the data analysis process.

Table 2. Trustworthiness criteria.

Criteria	Techniques Performed and Application Procedures
Credibility	Investigator triangulation: each interview was analysed by two researchers. Thereafter, team meetings were performed in which the analyses were compared, and themes were identified.
	Triangulation of data collection methods: unstructured, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and researcher field notes were kept.
	Member checking: this consisted of asking the participants to confirm the data obtained during the data collection. All participants were offered the opportunity to review the audio and/or video records to confirm their experience. None of the participants made additional comments.
Transferability	In-depth descriptions of the study were performed, providing details of the characteristics of researchers, participants, contexts, sampling strategies, and the data collection and analysis procedures.
Dependability	Audit by an external researcher: an external researcher assessed the study research protocol, focussing on aspects concerning the methods applied and study design.
Confirmability	Investigator triangulation, data collection and analysis triangulation. Researcher reflexivity was encouraged via the completion of reflexive reports and by describing the rationale for the study.

Table 3. Themes and categories that emerged from the participants’ narratives.

Themes	Categories
The person behind the patient label	Recognizing identity
	Sharing your life story
	Holistic care
The person at the centre of care	Participation in decision making
	Building bonds
Training for Person- Centred Care	Emotional and personal competencies
	Professional role
	The healthcare organization as a barrier

Table 4. Recommendations for health professionals/policy makers/researchers.

Researchers	Health professionals	Policy makers
Reflection and dissemination of the definition and progress of the PCC^a model.	Commitment and interest in the PCC^a model	To introduce specific curricular competencies in PPC^a within the academic training itinerary of health professionals.
Facilitate the understanding of barriers and facilitators in the development of PCC^a in various healthcare settings.	Adaptation to the change of roles acquired in other health care models, enhancing doctor–patient collaboration.	Generate and promote health policies that place the person at the centre of clinical care.
Disseminate PCC^a experiences after the implementation of the PCC^a model.	Integration of PCC^a into daily clinical practice and evaluation of the implementation of the therapeutic plan in real healthcare contexts.	Provide sufficient economic, professional and logistical resources for the optimal development of PCC^a.
To introduce participants (individuals with stroke and their families) as active agents in the research project design process.	Learning and training in personal, relational and communication skills and competencies specific to the PCC^a.	Coordination of the implementation of PCCa in the long term, and investment in resources, avoiding the punctual, anecdotal implementation of PCC^a.
To generate common spaces between researchers, managers, health professionals, institutions and administrations, together with individuals with stroke and their families, in order to know the needs, expectations and potentialities of the implementation and development of PCC^a

^aPerson-centred care.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of the study are available on request from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request. The data are not public due to ethics restrictions.