The Spanish version of Occupational Balance Questionnaire: psychometric properties and normative data in a representative sample of adults

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants (n = 797).

Age, median (IR)	46 (32; 58)
Gender, n (%)
Female	434 (54.5)
Male	363 (45.5)
Education level, n (%)
Uneducated or primary	287 (36)
Secondary	217 (27.2)
Higher education	293 (36.8)
Marital status, n (%)
Without partner	196 (24.6)
Married or living with partner	506 (63.5)
Separated or divorced	57 (7.2)
Widowed	38 (4.8)
Working status, n (%)
Working	481 (60.4)
Retired	141 (17.7)
No working	65 (8.2)
Housewife	51 (6.4)
Student	58 (7.3)
Dependent children, n (%)
Yes	343 (43.3)
No	449 (56.7)

Table 2. Reliability of the OBQ-E in general population.

	Internal consistency (n = 797)	Intra-class reliability (n = 205)	Test-retest reliability (n = 205)
	α^a	ICC	rs
OBQ-E	0.87	0.87*	0.83*
Item 1	0.86	0.67*	0.67*
Item 2	0.86	0.63*	0.57*
Item 3	0.86	0.69*	0.71*
Item 4	0.85	0.64*	0.64*
Item 5	0.86	0.62*	0.62*
Item 6	0.88	0.58*	0.49*
Item 7	0.86	0.68*	0.68*
Item 8	0.85	0.63*	0.65*
Item 9	0.85	0.69*	0.71*
Item 10	0.85	0.67*	0.66*
Item 11	0.86	0.43*	0.45*
Item 12	0.86	0.58*	0.58*
Item 13	0.86	0.76*	0.76*

OBQ-E: Spanish version of Occupational Balance Questionnaire; α^a: Cronbach’s alpha; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient; r_s: Spearman coefficient.

* p < 0.001.

Table 3. Validity measures: correlations between the performance of OBQ-E and the other test in general population (n = 797).

	Total
Satisfaction with Life Scale	0.39*
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Total HAD	−0.46*
Anxiety HAD	−0.38*
Depression HAD	−0.40*

OBQ-E: Spanish version of Occupational Balance Questionnaire.

*p < 0.001.

Table 4. Normative data of OBQ-E in Spanish general population.

Age		Women			Men
		Level of education			Level of education
		≤Primary	Secondary	University	≤Primary	Secondary	University
<40	N	21	47	91	20	62	59
	Mean (SD)	43	40.9	42.7	39.4	40.3	41.8
	Median (IQR)	39	41	43	40.5	41	43
	Percentile 5th	31	24.6	27.5	17.2	19.1	26.9
	Percentile 15th	34	28.9	35	30.5	30	31
	Ceiling effect (n)	1	0	1	0	0	0
	Ground effect (n)	0	0	0	0	0	0
40–65	N	86	44	64	67	45	55
	Mean (SD)	43	41.2	39.3	42.7	42.5	45.9
	Median (IQR)	43	41	40.5	43	42	48
	Percentile 5th	24	28.1	27.1	28.9	30.2	27.8
	Percentile 15th	31	32	30.4	33	33	36.4
	Ceiling effect (n)	2	0	0	0	1	0
	Ground effect (n)	0	0	0	0	0	0
>65	N	55	12	14	38	7	10
	Mean (SD)	47.5	52.1	48.7	48	48.7	51.6
	Median (IQR)	47	54.5	50	47	46	51
	Percentile 5th	29.4	34.4	36.3	38.8	40.2	41.2
	Percentile 15th	36	43.8	38.9	40.5	42.6	44.3
	Ceiling effect (n)	1	1	0	1	0	0
	Ground effect (n)	0	0	0	0	0	0

OBQ-E: Spanish version of Occupational Balance Questionnaire; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range.

Data available statement

Datasets generated or analyzed during this study are not publicly available due to ethical approval constraints involving patient data and anonymity but are available from the corresponding author upon email request.