Neurotrophins in carotid atherosclerosis and stenting

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study flowchart. Neuropsychological tests’ results are not discussed here. CAS: carotid stenting.

Table 1. Comparison between the mean values or frequencies of cardio-vascular risk factors and diseases in patients referred for stenting and the control group without significant carotid artery disease.

Variable	With CAS	Controls	р	CI
Arterial hypertension, (n, %)	38 (97%)	27 (69%)	0.001	0.12–0.44
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	136.53 ± 14.56	122.43 ± 13.80	<0.0001	7.7–20.50
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	80.12 ± 7.56	74.61 ± 10.22	0.009	1.45–9.57
Pusle pressure, mmHg	56.41 ± 11.75	47.82 ± 6.26	<0.0001	4.32–12.86
Mean pulse pressure, mmHg	97.28 ± 8.71	89.45 ± 10.56	0.001	3.46–12.19
Hypouricemia, (n, %)	5 (13%)	4 (10%)	0.73	–0.12–0.17
Dyslipidemia, (n, %)	30 (77%)	25 (64%)	0.22	–0.08–0.33
Obesity, (n, %)	8 (20%)	5 (13%)	0.37	–0.09–0.25
Diabetes mellitus, (n, %)	16 (41%)	11 (28%)	0.24	–0.09–0.34
Mild to moderate anemia, (n, %)	8 (20%)	2 (5%)	0.04	0.004–0.30
Renal dysfunction, (n, %)	5 (13%)	4 (10%)	0.73	–0.12–0.17
Creatinine, (mkmol/l ± SD)	87.38 ± 33.06	87.10 ± 19.30	0.97	–13.29–13.88
Compensated thyroid dysfunction, (n, %)	6 (15%)	8 (21%)	0.06	–0.27–0.16
Atrial fibrillation, (n, %)	10 (26%)	7 (18%)	0.42	–0.11–0.26
Previous STEMI, (n, %)	2 (5%)	8 (20%)	0.04	–0.30– −0.005
Coronary artery disease, (n, %)	27 (69%)	15 (38%)	0.006	0.09–0.52
Peripheral artery disease, (n, %)	12 (31%)	2 (5%)	0.003	0.09–0.42
Renal artery stenosis, (n, %)	4 (10%)	1 (2%)	0.25	–0.05–0.21
Diastolic dysfunction, (n, %)	33 (84%)	29 (74%)	0.27	–0.08–0.28
Ejection fraction, (n, %)	59.18 ± 8.97	56.51 ± 11.41	0.25	–1.96–7.29
EDV (ml)	109.11 ± 36.00	119.63 ± 37.14	0.24	–28.44–7.47
ESV (ml)	45.05 ± 19.92	56.27 ± 28.10	0.06	–23.04–0.59
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (n, %)	4 (10%)	5 (13%)	0.73	–0.17–0.12
Smoking, (n, %)	21 (54%)	18 (46%)	0.50	–0.15–0.30
Family history for early atherosclerosis, (n, %)	7 (18%)	10 (26%)	0.42	–0.26–0.11

CAS: carotid stenting.

Table 2. Mean values of BDNF and NGF in the main groups and in the different sampling periods.

	BDNF before CAS	BDNF After CAS	BDNF follow-up	BDNF controls	NGF Before CAS	NGF After CAS	NGF follow-up	NGF controls
Mean ± SD	3.10	4.99	5.03	6.37	195.67	94.92	47.89	21.48
	3.10	2.57	4.75	4.67	495.34	120.06	54.68	52.81
n	34	22	18	39	34	22	18	39

CAS: carotid stenting.

Figure 2. Mean concentration of neurotrophins depending on the sampling time with reference to CAS or in the control group. (A) BDNF; (B) NGF.

Data availability statement

Data available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.