Association between participation in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts and cardiometabolic disorders

Figures & data

Table 1. List of cardiometabolic disorders and their ICD-codes.

	ICD-8 1969–1986	ICD-9 1987–1995	ICD-10 1996–2017
Diabetes mellitus	250	250	E10-E14
Type 1		2500B-2508B	E10
Type 2		2500A-2508A	E11
Unspecific type		2500C-2508C, 2500X-2508X	E12-E14
Coronary artery disease	410–414	410–414	I20–I25
Hyperlipidaemia	272	272	E78
Overweight, obesity, and other hyperalimentation	277.99	278	E65-E68
Hypertension	400–404	401–405	I10–I15
Cerebrovascular disorders	430–438	430–438	I60–I69
Any cardiometabolic disorder	250, 272, 277.99, 400–404, 410–414, 430–438	250, 272, 278, 401–405, 410–414, 430–438	E10-E14, E65-E68, E78, I10-I15, I20-I25, I60-I69

Figure 1. Cumulative incidence of first cardiometabolic disorders in NFBC1966 and comparison cohort at age 7 to 50 years by sex.

Table 2. Cardiovascular disorders in NFBC1966 with a comparison cohort at age 7 to 50 years.

Diagnostic group	NFBC 1966	Comparison cohort	χ2	p Value	RR (95% CI)	p Value
Males	N = 6000	N = 12,511
Cerebrovascular disorders	2.1 (127)	2.3 (286)	0.46	0.498	0.93 (0.75–1.14)	0.465
Coronary artery disease	2.8 (165)	2.9 (368)	0.47	0.495	0.93 (0.78–1.12)	0.466
Diabetes mellitus	3.5 (213)	3.6 (451)	0.02	0.884	0.98 (0.84–1.16)	0.851
Hyperlipidaemia	2.3 (136)	2.7 (336)	2.70	0.100	0.84 (0.69–1.03)	0.091
Hypertension	5.9 (356)	6.3 (794)	1.12	0.290	0.93 (0.83–1.06)	0.276
Overweight, obesity, and other hyperlimentation	1.4 (86)	1.6 (202)	0.76	0.385	0.89 (0.69–1.14)	0.351
Any cardiometabolic disorder	12.3 (737)	12.8 (1607)	1.11	0.293	0.96 (0.88–1.04)	0.282
Females	N = 5723	N = 11,960
Cerebrovascular disorders	2.0 (112)	1.9 (223)	0.13	0.717	1.05 (0.84–1.31)	0.673
Coronary artery disease	1.0 (60)	1.1 (136)	0.20	0.652	0.92 (0.68–1.25)	0.598
Diabetes mellitus	2.0 (115)	2.3 (285)	2.28	0.131	0.84 (0.68–1.04)	0.118
Hyperlipidaemia	0.9 (54)	1.1 (131)	0.72	0.396	0.86 (0.63–1.18)	0.353
Hypertension	5.0 (287)	4.9 (581)	0.17	0.678	1.03 (0.9–1.18)	0.651
Overweight, obesity, and other hyperlimentation	2.1 (119)	2.2 (265)	0.28	0.598	0.94 (0.76–1.16)	0.560
Any cardiometabolic disorder	9.8 (559)	9.7 (1157)	0.03	0.865	1.01 (0.92–1.11)	0.844

Cumulative incidences % (N), chi-square test (χ2) with p-value and risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI.

Table 3. Age of onset (Median (IQR)) and difference in medians (Quantile estimation Q) with a p-value of cardiometabolic disorders in NFBC1966 and the comparison cohort at age 7 to 50 by sex.

Diagnostic group	Males				Females
	NFBC1966 N = 6000	Comparison cohort N = 12 511	Q	p Value	NFBC1966 N = 5723	Comparison cohort N = 11 960	Q	p Value
Cerebrovascular disorders	43.6 (36.1–46.7)	42.3 (36.3–46.4)	1.86	0.172	42.8 (37.8–47.5)	43.1 (36.3–47.1)	0.05	0.821
Coronary artery disease	44.4 (37.6–47.2)	44.9 (40.4–47.7)	0.35	0.549	42.5 (32.3–46.5)	45.8 (41.1–48.3)	3.85	0.049
Diabetes mellitus	42.9 (31.5–46.9)	42.9 (32.8–46.9)	0.01	0.928	38.1 (23.1–43.9)	41.7 (28.5–46.5)	8.28	0.004
Hyperlipidaemia	45.8 (42.4–48.0)	46.3 (43.0–46.7)	0.82	0.366	46.1 (43.9–48.0)	46.4 (43.4–48.5)	0.10	0.757
Hypertension	44.8 (40.6–47.4)	44.6 (41.4–48.0)	1.86	0.173	43.8 (38.4–46.9)	44.7 (39.5–47.7)	1.78	0.182
Overweight, obesity, and other hyperlimentation	44.3 (40.4–46.7)	44.2 (47.3–39.8)	0.01	0.938	43.8 (38.2–47.4)	44.2 (40.5–47.1)	0.10	0.780
Any cardiometabolic disorder	43.4 (36.6–46.8)	43.5 (37.4–45.2)	0.05	0.822	42.1 (34.4–46.4)	43.1 (35.5–47.2)	4.16	0.041

Table 4. Diabetes mellitus from age 22 to 50 years in NFBC1966 and comparison cohort by sex.

Diagnostic group	NFBC 1966		Comparison cohort
	% (N)	Age of onset Median (IQR)	% (N)	Age of onset Median (IQR)	RR (95% CI)	p Value	Q	p Value
Males
Type 1	1.3 (79)	31.7 (25.7–40.5)	1.4 (173)	33.3 (27.7–39.5)	0.95 (0.73–1.24)	0.716	2.35	0.125
Type 2	2.7 (163)	44.6 (40.3–47.4)	2.8 (355)	44.5 (40.1–47.6)	0.96 (0.80–1.15)	0.641	0.00	0.962
Unspecific Type	0.5 (30)	42.8 (39.0–46.5)	0.5 (59)	43.4 (36.9–47.0)	1.06 (0.68–1.64)	0.794	0.11	0.741
Females
Type 1	0.9 (49)	29.1 (24.8–32.2)	0.9 (106)	31.5 (24.2–38.6)	0.97 (0.69–1.35)	0.841	3.73	0.053
Type 2	1.5 (85)	42.3 (37.5–45.9)	1.8 (220)	43.3 (37.9–47.2)	0.81 (0.63–1.04)	0.091	1.09	0.297
Unspecific Type	0.2 (10)	40.4 (28.5–43.1)	0.2 (29)	42.4 (37.9–46.8)	0.72 (0.35–1.48)	0.369	0.22	0.635

Cumulative incidences % (N), the median age of first onset (Median (IQR)), Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% CI and quantile estimation (Q) with the p-value.

Figure 2. Cumulative incidence of first cardiometabolic disorders in NFBC1986 and comparison cohort at age of 0 to 29 years by sex.

Table 5. Cardiovascular disorders in NFBC1986 with a comparison cohort at age 0 to 29 years.

Diagnostic group	NFBC 1986	Comparison cohort	χ^2	p Value	RR (95% CI.)	p Value
Males	N = 4839	N = 4550
Cerebrovascular disorders	0.4 (20)	0.4 (18)	0.00	0.999	1.04 (0.55–1.97)	0.893
Diabetes mellitus	1.0 (50)	1.5 (66)	3.01	0.083	0.71 (0.49–1.03)	0.067
Type 1^a	0.9 (46)	1.2 (53)	0.84	0.360	0.82 (0.55–1.21)	0.315
Type 2^a	0.2 (10)	0.5 (23)	5.16	0.023	0.41 (0.20–0.86)	0.015
Unspecific type^a	0.1 (5)	0.1 (4)
Hypertension	0.5 (24)	0.7 (30)	0.83	0.363	0.75 (0.44–1.28)	0.295
Overweight, obesity, and  other hyperalimentation	0.5 (22)	1.0 (46)	9.34	0.002	0.45 (0.27–0.75)	0.001
Any cardiometabolic disorder	2.5 (119)	3.3 (150)	5.61	0.018	0.75 (0.59–0.95)	0.015
Females	N = 4557	N = 4409
Cerebrovascular disorders	0.3 (13)	0.2 (10)	0.11	0.735	1.26 (0.55–2.87)	0.584
Diabetes mellitus	0.9 (43)	1.1 (47)	0.23	0.635	0.89 (0.59–1.34)	0.561
Type 1^a	0.8 (36)	0.8 (37)	0.02	0.887	0.80 (0.60–1.49)	0.800
Type 2^a	0.2 (11)	0.3 (14)	0.23	0.629	0.76 (0.35–1.67)	0.494
Unspecific type^a	0.0 (2)	0.2 (9)
Hypertension	0.4 (16)	0.5 (20)	0.36	0.548	0.77 (0.4–1.49)	0.443
Overweight, obesity, and  other hyperalimentation	2.1 (96)	2.6 (115)	2.24	0.134	0.81 (0.62–1.06)	0.117
Any cardiometabolic disorder	3.8 (171)	4.3 (190)	1.66	0.198	0.87 (0.71–1.07)	0.180

Cumulative incidences % (N), Pearson’s chi-square statistics (χ²), and Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% CI.

^aAt age 2 to 29 years.

Table 6. Age of onset (Median (IQR)) and difference in medians (Quantile estimation Q) with a p-value of cardiometabolic disorders in NFBC1986 and comparison cohort at age 0 to 29 by sex.

Diagnostic group	Males				Females
	NFBC1986 N = 4839	Comparison cohort N = 4550	Q	p Value	NFBC1986 N = 4557	Comparison cohort N = 4409	Q	p Value
Cerebrovascular disorders	20.9 (11.2–26.7)	24.7 (21.4–26.4)	1.94	0.163	20.9 (22.3–25.7)	20.7 (17.6–22.0)	0.00	0.976
Diabetes mellitus	14.5 (7.5–20.2)	13.9 (8.9–21.5)	0.14	0.704	15.1 (9.9–21.8)	10.1 (3.6–19.7)	8.06	0.005
Type 1^a	12.9 (6.6–17.6)	12.2 (8.7–18.2)	0.21	0.654	12.0 (9.53–19.9)	8.3 (3.21–13.54)	3.65	0.056
Type 2^a	22.4 (20.8–23.8)	23.8 (20.9–26.7)	0.40	0.529	23.8 (22.2–26.1)	21.4 (17.5–24.9)	0.56	0.452
Hypertension	23.6 (19.1–25.6)	23.0 (14.6–24.8)	0.17	0.684	24.9 (22.1–26.1)	23.1 (20.4–25.8)	1.22	0.269
Overweight, obesity, and other hyperalimentation	21.3 (13.1–26.1)	15.1 (12.2–25.8)	10.76	0.001	26.1 (23.9–27.5)	25.0 (22.5–27.3)	2.21	0.137
Any cardiometabolic disorder	17.6 (12.1–23.4)	17.0 (11.4–24.2)	5.29	0.022	24.2 (16.5–26.8)	23.2 (14.9–26.7)	1.95	0.163

^aAt age 2 to 29 years.

Table 7. Cumulative incidence % (N) of cardiometabolic-related deaths, and age of death caused by any cardiometabolic disorder at age 0 to 50 years in NFBC1966 with comparison cohort by sex.

	Males		Females
Cause of death	NFBC1966 N = 6000 % (N)	Comparison N = 12,511 % (N)	NFBC1966 N = 5723 % (N)	Comparison N = 11,960 % (N)
Cerebrovascular disorders	0.1 (6)	0.1 (10)	0.1 (4)	0.1 (6)
Coronary artery disease	0.3 (18)	0.3 (41)	0.1 (4)	0.0 (4)
Diabetes mellitus	0.1 (4)	0.0 (2)	0.1 (4)	0.0 (2)
Hypertension	0.0 (2)	0.0 (6)	0.0 (0)	0.0 (1)
Death caused by any cardiometabolic disorder	0.5 (30)	0.5 (59)	0.2 (12)	0.1 (13)
Age of death (Median (IQR))	42.6 (36.1–46.7)	44.1 (38.2–47.9)	43.0 (41.6–46.2)	42.9 (40.0–44.3)

Data availability statement

Data cannot be shared publicly because the utilised data have been given for this specific study, and the data cannot be shared without permission from the University of Oulu and Findata. The register data can be applied from Findata, the Finnish Health and Social Data Permit Authority by researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data. NFBC data is available from the University of Oulu, Infrastructure for Population Studies. Permission to use the data can be applied for research purposes via the electronic material request portal. In the use of data, we follow the EU general data protection regulation (679/2016) and Finnish Data Protection Act. The use of personal data is based on cohort participants written informed consent in his/her latest follow-up study, which may cause limitations to its use. Please, contact the NFBC project centre (NFBCprojectcenter(at)oulu.fi) and visit the cohort website for more information. Aggregated data underlying the results presented in the study can be asked from the corresponding author as long as the current permission is valid (2025).