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Surgery

Daytime variation in non-cardiac surgery impacts the recovery after general anesthesia

, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1134-1143 | Received 14 Mar 2022, Accepted 01 Mar 2023, Published online: 22 Mar 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Diagram of surgeries included and cohort build.

Figure 1. Diagram of surgeries included and cohort build.

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients accepting morning or afternoon surgery.

Figure 2. (A) Standardized difference of all covariates before or after propensity score matching. (B) Graphical representation of results after propensity score matching. The covariate with Std Diff of ≥10% is a meaningful imbalance. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; PACU: post-anesthesia care unit.

Figure 2. (A) Standardized difference of all covariates before or after propensity score matching. (B) Graphical representation of results after propensity score matching. The covariate with Std Diff of ≥10% is a meaningful imbalance. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; PACU: post-anesthesia care unit.

Figure 3. Daytime variation in PACU recovery time and Steward score. (A) Shows the daytime variation in PACU recovery time of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries with general anesthesia. (B) Shows the daytime variation in Steward score of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries with general anesthesia. The start time of surgery was used as a time variable to draw LOWESS curves.

Figure 3. Daytime variation in PACU recovery time and Steward score. (A) Shows the daytime variation in PACU recovery time of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries with general anesthesia. (B) Shows the daytime variation in Steward score of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries with general anesthesia. The start time of surgery was used as a time variable to draw LOWESS curves.

Table 2. Time and quality of post-anesthetic recovery in patients accepting morning or afternoon surgery.

Figure 4. Univariate linear regression to examine the factors correlated with PACU recovery time. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; PACU: post-anesthesia care unit.

Figure 4. Univariate linear regression to examine the factors correlated with PACU recovery time. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; PACU: post-anesthesia care unit.

Table 3. Multivariable linear regression to examine the factors correlated with PACU recovery time.

Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request through contact with the corresponding author (Prof. Chen).