The effect of shock waves on mineralization and regeneration of distraction zone in osteoporotic rabbits

Figures & data

Figure 1. Timeline of experiment procedures.

Figure 2. Unfocussed applicator of ESWT and shock wave application to distraction area.

Figure 3. The custom-made titanium distractor and osteotomy line is posterior to the mental foramen. Distractor was positioned parallel to the lower border of the mandible.

Figure 4. (A) DEXA. (B,C) Three-dimensional (CT) images showed healthly distracted bone and unilateral crossbite.

Table 1. BMD data obtained from DEXA examinations at 1st and 4th week of consolidation (g/cm²).

	Cont	O-Cont	O-ESWT1	O-ESWT2
First week	0.69 ± 0.09	0.56 ± 0.08	0.47 ± 0.11	0.46 ± 0.07
Fourth week	0.76 ± 0.04	0.69 ± 0.10	0.64 ± 0.04	0.53 ± 0.14

Figure 5. Histological image showing connective tissue areas of (A,D–F). The connective tissue areas are marked with red star. New bone areas have been shown in (G,J–L) images. New bone areas are marked with a white star. New vessel areas have been shown in (M,P,R,S) images. New vessel areas are marked with white (→). (original magnification ×5, hematoxylin-eosin).

Table 2. Tissue volumes obtained from the stereological examination (mm³).

	Cont	O-Cont	O-ESWT1	O-ESWT2
New bone	0.20 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.03	0.32 ± 0.03
Connective tissue	0.35 ± 0.02	0.41 ± 0.07	0.59 ± 0.10	0.51 ± 0.07
Neoangiogenesis	0.1 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.02

Table

Authors	Conception and design of study	Acquisition of data: laboratory or clinical	Analysis and interpretation of the data	Drafting of article and/or critical revision	Final approval of manuscript
Enes Özkan		+	+	+	+
Erman Şenel	+	+	+		+
Mehmet Cihan BEREKET	+		+	+	+
Mehmet Emin Önger	+	+	+

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [Dr.Enes Özkan], upon reasonable request.