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Annals of Medicine Volume 55, 2023 - Issue 2
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Pharmacology

The clinical characteristics and outcomes of different inhaled therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with frequent cough

Xueshan Lia Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaView further author information
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Qing Songa Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaView further author information
,
Wei Chenga Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1025-0591View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Cong Liua Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaView further author information
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Ling Lina Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaView further author information
,
Jing Lia Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaView further author information
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Yating Penga Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaView further author information
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Yuqin Zenga Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaView further author information
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Rong Yie Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, ChinaView further author information
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Yi Liue Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, ChinaView further author information
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Xin Lif Division 4 of Occupational Diseases, Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Disease, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaView further author information
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Yan Chena Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaView further author information
,
Shan Caia Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaView further author information
&
Ping Chena Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China;d Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6707-8636View further author information
ORCID Icon show all
Article: 2304107 | Received 11 May 2023, Accepted 18 Dec 2023, Published online: 17 Jan 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of the study.

A total of 1017 patients with COPD were enrolled at the baseline visit. Eighty-two patients were lost to follow-up during the 6 months interval. Twenty-nine patients were lost to follow-up at the 12th month visit. Finally, we recruited 906 patients with COPD for our analysis, including 581 patients with frequent cough and 325 patients with infrequent cough.

Abbreviations: COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LAMA: long-acting antimuscarinic; LABA: long-acting beta2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids.

Figure 1. Flow chart of the study.A total of 1017 patients with COPD were enrolled at the baseline visit. Eighty-two patients were lost to follow-up during the 6 months interval. Twenty-nine patients were lost to follow-up at the 12th month visit. Finally, we recruited 906 patients with COPD for our analysis, including 581 patients with frequent cough and 325 patients with infrequent cough.Abbreviations: COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LAMA: long-acting antimuscarinic; LABA: long-acting beta2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids.

Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of COPD patients with different cough score.

Table 2. Multivariate logistic regression for factors related to frequent cough in COPD patients.

Table 3. The relation between cough and clinical outcomes during the follow-up in COPD patients after PSM.

Figure 2. Multiple logistic regression for inhalation treatments correlated with the MCID of CAT in patients with frequent cough during 6 months follow-up.

Note: Age, sex, exacerbations in the past one year, FEV1%pre, CAT total, mMRC, cough score and inhalation therapies were included in the multiple logistic regression model.

Abbreviations: LAMA: long-acting antimuscarinic; LABA: long-acting beta2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; OR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Figure 2. Multiple logistic regression for inhalation treatments correlated with the MCID of CAT in patients with frequent cough during 6 months follow-up.Note: Age, sex, exacerbations in the past one year, FEV1%pre, CAT total, mMRC, cough score and inhalation therapies were included in the multiple logistic regression model.Abbreviations: LAMA: long-acting antimuscarinic; LABA: long-acting beta2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; OR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Figure 3. Multiple logistic regression for inhalation treatments correlated with the moderate/severe exacerbations in patients with frequent cough during 12 months follow-up.

Note: Age, sex, exacerbations in the past one year, FEV1%pre, CAT total, mMRC, cough score and inhalation therapies were included in the multiple logistic regression model.

Abbreviations: LAMA: long-acting antimuscarinic; LABA: long-acting beta2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Figure 3. Multiple logistic regression for inhalation treatments correlated with the moderate/severe exacerbations in patients with frequent cough during 12 months follow-up.Note: Age, sex, exacerbations in the past one year, FEV1%pre, CAT total, mMRC, cough score and inhalation therapies were included in the multiple logistic regression model.Abbreviations: LAMA: long-acting antimuscarinic; LABA: long-acting beta2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Figure 4. Multiple logistic regression for inhalation treatments correlated with the frequent exacerbations in patients with frequent cough during 12 months follow-up.

Note: Age, sex, exacerbations in the past one year, FEV1%pre, CAT total, mMRC, cough score and inhalation therapies were included in the multiple logistic regression model.

Abbreviations: LAMA: long-acting antimuscarinic; LABA: long-acting beta2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Figure 4. Multiple logistic regression for inhalation treatments correlated with the frequent exacerbations in patients with frequent cough during 12 months follow-up.Note: Age, sex, exacerbations in the past one year, FEV1%pre, CAT total, mMRC, cough score and inhalation therapies were included in the multiple logistic regression model.Abbreviations: LAMA: long-acting antimuscarinic; LABA: long-acting beta2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Table 4. Comparison of outcomes among different inhalation therapies in COPD patients with frequent cough during the follow-up.

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Data availability statement

All publications discussed in the manuscript are available from the corresponding author on request.

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