The association between internet addiction and sleep quality among medical students in Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the study participants.

Demographic Characteristics		N	Percentage
Age		–	21.30 (4.96) years
Sex	Men	178	52.66%
	Women	160	47.33%
living place	With family	224	66.27%
	University Housing	114	33.72%
smoking	Non smoker	242	71.59%
	Smoker	96	28.40%
Time spends on the Internet every day	≤3 h	50	14.8%
	4–5 h	162	47.9%
	≥6 h	126	37.3%
GPA (performance)	≤ 3.9	111	32.8%
	4-4.4	147	43.5%
	> 4.5	80	23.7%

Table 2. Prevalence of internet addiction among medical college students.

Internet Addiction scores	Internet addiction level	Frequency (N = 305)	Percentage
≤19	No internet addiction		10.9%
20 to 39	Low internet addiction	125	37.0%
40 to 69	Moderate internet addiction	105	31.1%
≥70	Severe internet addiction	71	21.0%

Table 3. ANOVA results examining internet addiction scale scores by Sex, living place, time spends on internet every day, smoking, and GPA among medical college students.

Source	Type III Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.	Effect size	Level of effect size
GPA (performance)	7963.073	2	3981.573	21.077	.000	.71	Medium
Sex	951.511	1	951.511	5.037	026	.58	Medium
living place	1970.727	1	1970.727	10.432	.001	.63	Medium
Time spends on internet every day	2891.656	2	1445.828	7.654	.001	.60	Medium
smoking	1551.074	1	1551.047	8.211	.004	.58	Medium
Error	52704.825	279	188.906
Total	842996.000	338

^a R² = .770 (Adjusted R² = .720.

Table 4. Scheffe test Comparison of differences in internet addiction based on time spent on the internet every day and GPA (performance).

Variables	(J) Number of children	Mean Difference (I-J)	Std. Error	Sig.	95% Confidence Interval
					Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Time spends on the Internet every day
≤3 h	4–5 h	−9.4477*	2.2235	.00	−14.9197	−3.9756
	≥6 h	−27.6425*	2.2972	.00	−33.2960	−21.9891
4–5 h	≤3 h	9.4477*	2.2235	.00	3.9756	14.9197
	≥6 h	−18.1949*	1.6325	.00	−22.2126	−14.1772
≥6 h	≤3 h	27.6425*	2.2972	.00	21.9891	33.2960
	4–5 h	18.1949*	1.6325	.00	14.1772	22.2126
GPA (performance)
≤ 3.9	4-4.4	−10.1541*	1.7282	.00	−14.4073	−5.9009
	> 4.5	−30.8764*	2.01573	.00	−35.8370	−25.9157
4-4.4	≤ 3.9	10.1541*	1.72827	.00	5.9009	14.4073
	> 4.5	−20.7223*	1.90956	.00	−25.4216	−16.0230
> 4.5	≤ 3.9	−30.8764*	2.01573	.00	25.9157	35.8370
	4-4.4	−20.7223*	1.90956	.00	16.0230	25.4216

* The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

Table 5. t-test analysis of internet addiction based on Sex, living place, and smoking.

Variables	N	M	SD	t
Sex
Men	178	51.48	19.36	5.95*
Women	160	38.57	18.41
living place
With family	224	40.01	19.69	7.06*
University Housing	114	55.89	19.19
Smoking
Non smoker	242	40.88	19.51	6.58*
Smoker	96	56.68	19.05

* Statistically significant at p < 0.05 level.

Table 6. ANOVA test Comparison of internet addiction groups on sleep quality (N = 338).

	Group	f	M	SD	F	p	Post Hoc
							Scheffe
(PSQI)	No internet addiction	37	4.13	0.91	239.331	.000	(D) > (C) > (B) > (A)
	Low internet addiction	125	4.98	1.81
	Moderate internet addiction	105	9.38	2.14
	Severe internet addiction	71	11.53	1.65

Note: (A) No internet addiction; (B) Low internet addiction; (C) Moderate internet addiction; (D) Severe.

Table 7. Linear regression analysis of the association between internet addiction and sleep quality.

	Unstandardized coefficient		Standardized coefficient Beta	t		P
Variables	B	Std. Error			f
Sleep Quality	0.638	0.225	0.638	18.41	67.32	0.00

Note. Sex, living place, Time spends on the internet every day, smoking, and GPA were included as control variables.